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Item Exploring Opportunities and Barriers to Entry in The Online Gig Economy for Ethiopians: In the Case of Upwork(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Addis Moges; Eyob Nigussie (PhD)The online gig economy has emerged as a significant source of employment opportunities globally. This study focuses on exploring the opportunities and barriers to entry in the online gig economy for Ethiopians, with a specific focus on the case of Upwork. Through a mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, and data analysis, this research identifies the factors that facilitate or hinder Ethiopians' participation in the gig economy on platforms such as Upwork. This study examines the skills and qualifications demanded in the online gig economy and how well-aligned they are with the Ethiopian workforce. Additionally, this study investigates the barriers faced by Ethiopians, such as internet access, infrastructure limitations, and competition. The study seeks to provide valuable insights into the challenges faced by Ethiopians seeking to engage in online freelancing, as well as the potential benefits and opportunities that this mode of work offers. Based on gathered data the findings of the study suggest a complex interplay between opportunities, challenges, and support systems for freelancers on Upwork. There are an abundance of opportunities, but also significant barriers that need to be overcome. While challenges are faced, they might be perceived as less daunting than the initial hurdles. This study employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to investigate the underlying structure of relationships between 15 variables in a dataset of 117 observations. Analysis of correlations revealed both positive and negative relationships between variables. Several variables exhibited strong positive correlations, suggesting they tend to change together. On the other hand, some variables showed strong negative correlations, indicating opposing trends. Keywords: Gig Economy, Online gig economy, Ethiopia, Freelancers, UpworkItem The Role of Telebirr Service on The Performance of Selected Private Banks, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02) Hannah Tamiru; Hailay Beyene (PhD)Ethio Telecom, the government-owned telecommunications provider in Ethiopia, launched the mobile money service called Telebirr, which facilitates cashless transactions and allows phone owners to deposit, transfer, and withdraw money without a bank account, distinguishing it from mobile banking. This study aimed to assess the role of telebirr on the performance of selected private banks. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using purposive sampling and a questionnaire, with data analyzed through SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to examine socio-demographic characteristics, while linear regression analysis assessed the relationship between telebirr implementation and key performance indicators such as operational efficiency, financial inclusion, and transaction volumes. The findings revealed that telebirr had a significant positive impact on operational efficiency, financial inclusion, and increased transaction volumes within the banking sector. Keywords: telebirr, financial inclusion, operational efficiency, Transaction volume and values Bank performanceItem Title: - Assessing The Opportunities, Challenges and Operational Changes Gas Stations Encountered While Adopting Mobile Telebirr Payment System(Addis Ababa University, 2024-11) Hermela Yohannes; Eyob Nigussie (PhD)This paper studies the opportunities, challenges, and operational changes that Addis Ababa gasstations faced when they implemented the Telebirr mobile payment system. Using a mixedmethodsapproach, the study integrates quantitative and qualitative data to offer a thoroughassessment of the effects of this technological revolution. Surveys are used to collect quantitativedata on the extent of Telebirr's adoption and its impact on customer happiness and transactionefficiency. Semi-structured interviews with gas station administrators yield qualitative insightsthat provide a thorough grasp of the operational changes needed, customer reactions, andtransitional obstacles. The results show that although the use of Telebirr has simplified payment procedures anddecreased the dangers involved with managing currency, there have been drawbacks as well, including the requirement for employee training and early customer reluctance. To guaranteethe seamless integration of mobile payment systems, the study emphasizes the significance of ongoing assistance and education for both operators and customers. Policymakers and otherstakeholders hoping to improve digitalization and financial inclusion in underdeveloped economies will find these lessons invaluable. All things considered, this study adds to theexpanding amount of research on the acceptance of mobile payments and offers insightful guidance for comparable situations around the world. Key word: Mobile Payment Systems, Tele birr, Gas Stations, Digital Payments, Operational EfficiencItem Factors Affecting Information System Security Awareness Among Nib Bank Employees: Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Training -Based Analysis(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Ludana Yohannes; Hailay Beyene (PhD)Financial institutions are often targeted by cyber-attacks, underscoring the importance of information security awareness among bank employees. This dissertation delves into the reasons behind the lack of awareness among NIB bank employees, exploring the relationship betweenemployee knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of security threats, and the efficacy of training initiatives. The researcher adopted a quantitative research methodology, utilizing numerical data collection and analysis to explain the phenomenon of information security awareness within the bank. The study focused on identifying the factors influencing information security awareness, includingemployee knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of threats, and the effectiveness of trainingprograms.Data was gathered through a survey administered to NIB bank employees, enabling theacquisition of quantitative insights into employee knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and theperceived impact of training efforts. Subsequent analysis centered on examining the correlations between these factors and their contributions to information security awareness. The primary objectives of the study were to pinpoint the key influencers of information securityawareness, scrutinize the connections between knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and training efficacy, and assess the influence of training programs on employee awareness.The research outcomes aimed to offer actionable insights for banks to enhance their information security awareness initiatives. The results indicated that employees' limited awareness stemmedfrom moderate knowledge levels, negative attitudes, perceptions of threats, and insufficiently targeted training. By comprehending the factors shaping employee behaviors concerninginformation security, banks could fortify their defenses and safeguard customer and data assets effectively. Keywords: Information Security Awareness, Bank Employees, Knowledge, Attitude, Perception,TrainingItem Information Security Governance Implementation Level in Ethiopian Banks(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01) Maereg Demeke; Meshesha Legesse(PhD)The main aim of this study was to assess the Information Security GovernanceImplementation Level in Ethiopian Banks. To this end, a descriptive survey research design has been employed taking 146 employees as samples to respond to the questionnairesdesigned for the study. The sampling method used was a stratified sampling method to select five banks(5) from a total of thirty-two (32) banks in Ethiopia. For the 146 respondents, asimple random sampling method was used. The data gathering instrument has been adopted from previous research which has made use of the COBIT (Control Objectives forInformation and Related Technology) Framework which has five Governance objectives: Ensured Governance Framework, Ensured Benefit Delivery, Ensured RiskOptimization(EDM01), Ensured Resource Optimization(EDM02), and Ensured Stakeholders Engagement(EDM03). In this case, the study attempted to assess the existence of arelationship between each one of these objectives and with ISG Implementation level in Ethiopian Banks. Consequently, by using multiple regression analysis the study has found outthat the variable with the highest beta value contributes the most explaining the dependent variable variance is EDM01 (0.333), followed by EDM04 (0.302), EDM02 (0.225), EDM05(0.163), EDM03 (0.153). In general, all five objectives were found to have a statistically significant relationship towards ISG implementation level in which case the null hypotheseswere rejected. Overall, the study found through descriptive analysis that the level of ISG implementation in Ethiopian banks is 3.78 which is 75.6%. The study has found differentother findings according to the responses given by the respondents. The study has also made some recommendations to improve the ISG implementation level in Ethiopian banks. Key Words: Information Systems Governance (ISG), COBIT Framework, EnsuredGovernance Framework, Ensured Benefit Delivery, Ensured Risk Optimization, Ensured Resource Optimization, Ensured Stakeholders Engagement.Item Factors Affecting Organizational Change Management Success: in the case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Arada district(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Mubarek Sadik; Abraraw Chane (PhD)We are in the era, everything is changing rapidly. Organization could not ignore changes, orcontinue by their existing system; they should proactively forecast, manage, and positively used the influence of change. The main objective of the study is to examine factors affecting changemanagement success in the case of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Arada district. To achieve this objective, the researcher used explanatory research design. A quantitative research approachwas used in the study. The source of data applied in this study was primary source of data. Theresearcher collected data from the bank's employees using a five point Likert scaled questionnaire.The sampling technique used in this research was both probability and non-probability samplingtechniques. The researcher employed a stratified and convenient (mixed) sampling technique. Thesample size of the study is 320. Consequently, questionnaire was distributed for all 320respondents. This study used a linear regression model to analyze the collected data, examiningthe effect of independent variables on change management success, using SPSS version 26software. The study's findings revealed that leadership, communication, and motivation have apositive and significant effect on the success of change management, whereas organizational culture has an insignificant effect. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher forwarded apossible recommendation of creating a mechanism that make employees motivated, recognizingthe feedback, etc. Keywords: leadership, communication, motivation, change management, commercial bankof Ethiopia.Item Comparison of hybrid, cloud, and on-premise deployment of AD: In the case of Ethiopian Banks(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Hanna Mekonen; Eyob Nigussie (PhD)This study examines current state of IT infrastructure in Ethiopian banks, by comparing on-premises, cloud and hybrid models of Active Directory deployment. The purpose of this research paper is to recommend best of Active Directory deployment options for Ethiopian banks by referring pros and cons of on-premises, hybrid, and cloud Active Directory deployment options for Ethiopian banks. The strategic considerations, operational obstacles, and practical ramifications of each deployment strategy collected in-depth interviews with IT professionals from major Ethiopian banks, as well as extensive case studies of their IT infrastructures. Motivations driving deployment decisions, operational and staffing ramifications, tactics for ensuring consistency in identity and access management, and broader implications for IT governance and security are among the topics covered. The findings indicate that different needs and objectives influence deployment decisions, with some institutions emphasizing the flexibility and scalability provided by cloud deployment, while others value the control and security of on-premise systems. Hybrid deployment develops as a compromise, reflecting the nuanced techniques need to meet bank-specific difficulties. A one-size-fits-all approach is unlikely to succeed because each bank has distinct needs and current infrastructure. Ethiopian banks can create a personalized cloud strategy by carefully examining their current IT landscape and future ambitions. The discussion focuses on the implications for the broader banking sector, drawing parallels to international best practices and recommending areas for future research and practical implementation. A hybrid cloud architecture that blends on-premises infrastructure with public and private cloud environments may be the best option for many Ethiopian banks. This strategy enables banks to maintain control over sensitive data while taking advantage of cloud computing's scalability and cost-efficiency. Banks must address security and compliance concerns with strong measures such as application-level encryption and privileged access. Keywords: Active Directory, On-Premises, Cloud Computing, Hybrid Cloud Computing.Item The Effect of Technology, Organization, And Environment Factors in Information Security Practices on Organizational Performance: A Study of Private Banks in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Nahom Wondiye; Meshesha Legesse (PhD)This study examines the determinant factors of information security practices on organizational performance among private banks in Ethiopia. The objective is to assess how technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) factors influence the effectiveness of information security practices and, subsequently, organizational performance. To achieve this, a framework consisting of TOE factors was proposed. A quantitative research methodology was employed, involving a survey of 140 respondents from 3 private banks in Ethiopia to gather data on organizational performance and the related TOE factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationships between organizational performance and the identified TOE factors, as well as to assess the reliability and validity of the data. The quantitative approach allowed for a systematic examination of the data, providing statistical evidence of the relationships between the variables. The results indicate that technological, organizational and environmental factors have positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Specifically, the study found that robust information security practices, supported by Technology, organizational and environmental considerations, lead to improved performance by reducing human errors, internal incidents, and vulnerabilities to social engineering attacks. The findings suggest that adopting comprehensive information security practices is crucial for enhancing organizational performance in the private banks. By analyzing the effect of information security practices using the TOE framework, this research provides valuable insights for strengthening information security measures and ultimately improving the performance of private banks in Ethiopia. Keywords: Organizational performance, Information security practices, TOE factors, Private banks.Item IT Service Management Effectiveness On Operational Efficiency In Ethiopia E-Commerce(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Yohannes Haymanot; Kuribachew Gizaw (PhD)This rеsеarch papеr aims to Idеntify thе IT sеrvicе managеmеnt Effеctivеnеss on Opеrational Efficiеncy in Ethiopia E-Commеrcе. In this study thе еffеctivеnеss of IT sеrvicе managеmеnt (ITSM) on E commеrcе sеrvicе opеrational еfficiеncy in Ethiopia, thе study only participatеs thе B2B, C2C and B2C contеxt of е-commеrcе organization, Thе study еmploy both dеscriptivе and еxplanatory rеsеarch dеsign to еxplorе and undеrstand thе causal rеlationship bеtwееn IT Sеrvicе Managеmеnt (ITSM) practicеs and opеrational еfficiеncy in Ethiopia е-commеrcе and invеstigatеs thе impact of thе IT sеrvicе managеmеnt Effеctivеnеss on Opеrational Efficiеncy in Ethiopia E-Commеrcе, using ITIL (Information Tеchnology Infrastructurе Library) framеwork as a guidancе of impact on opеrational еfficiеncy in thе Ethiopian е-commеrcе sеrvicе providеr industry. From a samplе of 27 companiеs, 10 wеrе idеntifiеd as utilizing thе ITIL framеwork.To addrеss thе rеsеarch objеctivе, 100 rеspondеnts wеrе sеlеctеd from managеrs and staff at thеsе 10 ITIL-adopting companiеs, using a purposivе sampling approach. Participants wеrе askеd to complеtе a quеstionnairе, and thе 100 valid rеsponsеs wеrе analyzеd using SPSS 27 statistical softwarе. This study еxplorеs thе kеy factors influеncing е-commеrcе opеrational еfficiеncy through a multiplе rеgrеssion analysis. Thе modеl еxaminеs thе rеlationships bеtwееn fivе prеdictor variablеs and thе dеpеndеnt variablе of opеrational еfficiеncy. Thе prеdictors includе thе avеragе е-commеrcе valuе mеtric, avеragе customеr incomе lеvеl, avеragе problеm rеsolution ratе, avеragе rеquеst fulfillmеnt ratе, and avеragе customеr satisfaction mеtric. Thе rеsults indicatе that thе avеragе е-commеrcе valuе mеtric and avеragе customеr incomе lеvеl arе thе strongеst positivе prеdictors of opеrational еfficiеncy, with standardizеd rеgrеssion coеfficiеnts of 0.573 and 0.381 rеspеctivеly. This suggеsts that еnhancing thе pеrcеivеd valuе of thе е-commеrcе offеring and targеting highеr-incomе customеr sеgmеnts arе crucial stratеgiеs for optimizing opеrational pеrformancе. thе avеragе problеm rеsolution ratе and avеragе rеquеst fulfillmеnt ratе dеmonstratе statistically significant positivе rеlationships with opеrational еfficiеncy, еmphasizing thе importancе of rеsponsivе, rеliablе е-commеrcе opеrations. Intеrеstingly, thе avеragе customеr satisfaction mеtric еxhibits a nеgativе association, hinting at potеntial tradеoffs bеtwееn maximizing customеr еxpеriеncе and strеamlining intеrnal procеssеs. Thеsе findings providе valuablе insights for е-commеrcе businеssеs sееking to improvе thеir opеrational еfficiеncy. Key words: B2B, B2C, C2C, ITSM, ITIL, SPSS VII