Cleaner Production Assessment in The Ethiopian Alcohol Industries A Case Study in The Sebata Alcohol & Liquor Factory
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Date
2007-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Sebeta Alcohol and Liquor Factory (SALF) is a sister company of National Alcohol and Liquor
Enterprise (NALE). The factory was established in 1914 in Sebeta town and uses molasses as
raw material for the production of potable and technical alcohols. It consists of a distillery and
filling plants. Its installed daily production capacity is 2500 liters of potable alcohol and about
5000 liters of various liquors. The current production capacity was found to be on average 2100
liters of 95.7oGL potable (fine) and 250 liters of 93oGL technical alcohols per day when the
factory was running normally.
Water balance, material balance and energy balance were drawn only for the distillery plant for
the filling section was under maintenance during sampling. The molasses, water and energy
consumption were found to be 6.3 kg, 168 liters and 22.12 MJ liters per liter of 96oGL alcohol.
The average BOD, COD and TDS in the wastewater were 20,866, 53,514 and 19000 mg/l
respectively. The total alcohol loss from the fermentation, decantation and distillation process
units was significant with the value of 13.22 %. The stillage from mash column is found a severe
source of water pollution.
The fermentation efficiency (78.02%), alcohol recovery at distillation unit (83.3%) and overall
alcohol conversion efficiency (65.0%) were found to be low compared to values of similar
technologies in India, South Africa and Brazil.
The steam generation and distribution systems were studied and the boiler combustion efficiency
was found extremely low (29%) resulting from excess air supply. Similarly, other sources of heat
loss were identified and carefully examined
The cleaner production options were generated, selected and evaluated for the distillery plant.
CO2 Recovery, Cooling water recycling, lost heat recovery in the stillage and spent lee, indirect
heating, generation of methane and fertilizer from stillage were considered for improving
resource utilization and reducing pollution loads. Other GHK practices were recommended to
bring overall efficiency in the plant.
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Keywords
Cleaner Production, Sebata Alcohol & Liquor Factory, Production Assessment