Pharmacognosy
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Item Assessment of Microbial and Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Food Handlers in Hotels / Restaurants In Woldia Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-13) Mekuriaw Melesse; Ashagrie ZewuduInsufficient knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to food safety can contribute to the outbreaks of food borne illness. Most foods, to include meat, legume and vegetable based sauces, could be vulnerable to food borne pathogens. More specifically, there is an association of inadequate Knowledge, negative attitudes and poor practices on food hygiene, with hygienically unsuitable condition, and unfit food handling practicesItem Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts and a Major Compound Isolated from the Tuber of Arisaema schimperianum Schott. (Araceae(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-13) Betelhem AwokeGlobally, wounds are a growing health concern due to rising vascular diseases. Traditionally, Ethiopians have used A. schimperianum to treat wounds and infections. This study aimed at evaluating the wound healing and antimicrobial activities of extract and a major compound isolated from the tubers of A. schimperianum Schott. Wound healing was determined in mice using excision and incision wound models, whilst in vitro antimicrobial activities were evaluated by broth dilution method. The acute oral toxicity test result of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. schimperianum tuber was safe at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Furthermore, topical application of a maximum concentration (10% (w/w)) ointment of the extract was safe showing mild irritationItem Antipsychotic Polypharmacy,Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Et(Addis Ababa University, 2024-08-15) Elias Fitsum; Minyahil AlebachewAntipsychotic Polypharmacy,Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study at AyderComprehensive SpecializedHospital, Northern EtItem Effect of Antibiotic Stewardship Programs on Antibiotic Consumption in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-19) Asrat Agalu; Teferi GedifIn developing countries like Ethiopia, infectious diseases are common, and antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Inappropriate antibiotic use and consumption are the leading causes for resistance. Antibiotic stewardship programs are proven to optimize antibiotic use and reduce resistance and healthcare costs. Since 2018, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health has been working to institutionalize stewardship programs across hospitals in the country. Despite evidence from a specialized hospital in Addis Ababa and the availability of national guidelines, multicenter studies haven’t been conducted in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the current status and effect of stewardship programs on antibiotic consumption and will suggest practical strategies to improve antibiotic use in the hospitalsItem The Use and Abuse of Tramadol among Adolescents and Young Adults, and the Need for Regulation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-19) Abebe Telila; Ephrem EngidaworkThe use and abuse of tramadol among adolescents and young adults, and the need for regulation Abebe TelilaItem Configuring Forecasting Techniques and Supply Chain Strategies to Enhance Resilience and Minimize Pharmaceutical Shortages in the Ethiopian Public Supply Chain(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06) Arebu Issa; Teferi GedifThe availability of essential medicines is a cornerstone of a functional healthcare system, directly influencing health outcomes and healthcare quality worldwide. Accurate demand forecasting plays a critical role in ensuring that medicines are consistently available where and when needed, preventing stockouts and minimizing wastage. In Ethiopia, the pharmaceutical supply chain faces considerable challenges, including frequent medicine shortages, long procurement lead times, and data quality issues. These problems are exacerbated by the lack of skill and training of workforce in advanced forecasting methods. Given the dynamic nature of healthcare demands and the complexity of supply chains, advanced forecasting techniques, including machine learning, are becoming indispensable for improving accuracy and resilience. This PhD study aims to explore how forecasting techniques and other supply chain strategies can be configured to improve demand forecasting practices within Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Services (EPSS), with the ultimate goal of enhancing supply chain performance and ensuring reliable access to essential medicinesItem Synthesis, In vitro Antimicrobial and in silico Studies of Aminoalkyl Derivatives of Carvacrol(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-13) Asaminew Goa; Daniel BisratThe global rise of antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Carvacrol, a natural phenolic compound, has drawn significant attention in medicinal chemistry due to its broad-spectrum biological activities. In the present study, two novel aminoalkyl derivatives of carvacrol were successfully synthesized through a Mannich-type reaction, which involves the condensation of carvacrol with formaldehyde and a secondary amine (dimethylamine or piperdine). Structural confirmation of the synthesized derivatives was carried out using spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Based on the spectral data, the compounds were identified as 4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-isopropyl-2-Item Dissertation for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Social and Administrative Pharmacy(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-13) Assefa Mulu; Teferi GedifDiabetes prevalence is rising in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet many cases remain undiagnosed, delaying treatment. This study assessed diabetes and prediabetes prevalence, evaluated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting capillary blood glucose (FCG) against the 2-hour plasma glucose (2-h PG) test, and examined glycemic control and treatment intensification delays in type 2 diabetes.Item Assessment of tablet splitting practices and their accuracy in administration of required dose at St. Peter and Amanuel mental health Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-15) Atsede Lingerih; Ayenew AshenefTablet splitting is a commonly used practice to adjust the administered doses, to facilitate tablet intake or reducing medication costs. However, there is a risk of not obtaining the correct dose depending on factors such as splitting method and tablet characteristics.Item Synthesis, In vitro Antimicrobial and In silico Studies of Sulfonated Derivatives of Carvacrol(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-05) Ayne Teje; Daniel BisratThe emergence of new pathogens and antimicrobial resistance pose significant challenges in treating infectious diseases. These ongoing challenges necessitate the discovery of new drugs. In medicinal chemistry research, carvacrol has become a focus of research as a lead compound due to its multifaceted pharmacological activities particularly its notable antimicrobial activity. Additionally, numerous studies have highlighted the substantial antibacterial potential of sulfonated compounds including sulfonic acids and sulfonate esters. Consequently, this study aimed to synthesize sulfonate derivatives of carvacrol, assess their in vitro antimicrobial activity against 26 bacterial and 4 fungal strains and conduct an in silico analysisItem Designing a Mobile Application-based Tool to Support Diabetic Patients' Self-Management in the Context of a Tertiary Care Setting in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-12-13) Semayawit Bahiru; Eskinder EshetuDiabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent Non-communicable disease (NCD), requires consistent self-management to prevent complications. Mobile health (mHealth) tools have shown promise in supporting chronic disease management. Ethiopia’s expanding mobile infrastructure presents an opportunity to enhance DM self-management, reduce complications, and improve the quality of careItem Access to Biosimilars in Federal Hospitals in Addis Ababa: Assessment of the National Medicines Regulatory Framework and Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-13) Shimelis Ayele; Tsige Gebre-MariamThe introduction of biopharmaceuticals brought remarkable clinical outcomes, particularly in the treatment and management of challenging chronic diseases. However, the high cost of originator biologics limits their accessibility. The adoption of biosimilars offers a cost-effective alternative, reducing healthcare expenditures and improving patient access to biologic therapies. Despite their potential benefits, the national regulatory framework and lack of understanding and confidence of healthcare professionals hinder the accessibility and uptake of essential biosimilars.Item Validity and Reliability of the Amharic Version of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-28) Shimelis Engida; Oumer SadaChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). As a result, there is a need for culturally and linguistically appropriate tools to assess HRQoL in Ethiopian COPD patients. While the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is commonly used, reliability and validity have not been established among Ethiopian COPD patientsItem Pharmacist-Led Anticoagulation Services and Patient Knowledge, Adherence, and Satisfaction with Warfarin Therapy: A Multi-Method Study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-19) Tamrat Assefa; Teferi GedifWarfarin remains the cornerstone for preventing thromboembolic events (TEEs), but a narrow therapeutic range, complex pharmacokinetics, and interactions with various substances complicate its use. Specialized anticoagulation management services (AMS) are known to improve warfarin control and outcomes; however, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness in Africa, particularly in EthiopiaItem Assessment of Microbial and Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Food Handlers in Hotels / Restaurants in Woldia Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-23) Mekuriaw Melesse; Ashagrie ZewuduInsufficient knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to food safety can contribute to the outbreaks of food borne illness. Most foods, to include meat, legume and vegetable based sauces, could be vulnerable to food borne pathogens. More specifically, there is an association of inadequate Knowledge, negative attitudes and poor practices on food hygiene, with hygienically unsuitable condition, and unfit food handling practicesItem Spatiotemporal Modeling of Incident Cases, Access to Healthcare and the Costs of Cervical Cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-19) Tariku Shimels; Teferi GedifCervical cancer is an evolving public health problem of women world-wide. Low and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are gravely affected owed, mainly, to their poor health infrastructure. This study aimed to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of cervical cancer incidence in Addis Ababa over the last decade, assesses patients’ access to healthcare services, and examines the economic burden associated with the diseaseItem Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and In silico Studies of 2-Hydroxy-1,(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-10) Temesgen Kusse; Daniel BisratInfectious diseases place a significant impact on the healthcare system. It causes 7.7 million fatalities each year, with a disproportionately high burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Drug resistant pathogens attributed to 4.95 million are and 1.27 million are brought on by illnesses of bacteria that are resistant to the current medications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new, safe, and effective compounds to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). InItem Synthesis, In Vitro Antimicrobial, and In Silico Analysis of Camphor-Based Schiff Base Derivative(Addis Ababa University, 2025-12-10) Tseganesh Abate; Daniel BisratMicrobial diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The rise of antimicrobial resistance has become a significant challenge, as microorganisms have developed resistance to many existing drugs. Therefore, the search for new antimicrobials is critically important. Schiff bases (SB) and their derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, anticancer, and antioxidant effects, among others. Camphor (1) is a terpenoid (1, 7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]-2-heptanone), exists in two enantiomeric forms (1S)-m (-) is a synthetic camphor and (1R)-(+) is a natural camphor.Item Clinical Characteristics, Management Practices and outcomes among Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes at Three Tertiary care Hospitals , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-15) Yonas Demissie; Legese ChelkebaDiabetes is a rapidly growing global health concern, with approximately 537 million adults affected in 2021, projected to increase to 784 million by 2045. This condition not only leads to high mor-bidity but significantly raises the risk of severe complications, such as cardiovascular disease, infections, cancer, and lower-extremity amputations, all of which increase the likelihood of hospitalization. Despite the known burden, limited data exist on the clinical characteristics, management practices, and outcomes of hospitalized diabetes patientsItem Performance Evaluation and Conceptual Model Development For Health Commodities‟ Logistics Management Information System (Lmis): the Case of Amhara Region, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-15) Zelalem Tilahun; Teferi GedifAccess to essential medicines remains a major global health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia, where weak health supply chains and fragmented Logistics Management Information Systems hinder timely, equitable delivery of lifesaving health commodities. Despite international and national efforts to improve supply chain performance, challenges persist, including poor data quality, inadequate infrastructure, limited interoperability, and lack of standardized performance evaluation frameworks for LMIS. These issues undermine informed decision-making, cause stockouts, and compromise service delivery