Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development

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A Comprehensive analysis of High-Rise Construction Costs in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Yitref Derbie Habtemeskel; Amha Ermias (PhD)
There are various occasions when it is important to know the construction cost of high rise buildings and related cost drivers. Government offices estimate the costs of highrises for property tax purposes. Private companies like Insurances estimate costs for the base price, banks and lenders for collateral, project developer for budgeting or related uses. The construction of high-rise buildings in Ethiopia is an emerging sector with technological advancement within a short period of time. In regard, availability of adequate references about the cost and related cost drivers of high-rise buildings rare in Ethiopia in general and in Addis Ababa in particular. The number of high-rises used for analysis are 15 buildings selected with different criterion. Survey questionnaires are distributed to the purposively selected respondents to identify the cost-significant factors. The factual data of 11 high-rise buildings was collected to analyze the unit prices and assess the cost-significant factors of building high-rises. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to strengthen, integrate, and validate the results from the analysis of the factual data and survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the survey data. The first five identified cost significant factors are the building’s height, function, electromechanical systems, ceiling types, and BMS. The study has also estimated the percentage of cost-significant items to the total construction cost and the range of unit prices per square meters. The first three identified cost-significant items that impacts the construction cost of highrise buildings are architectural, structural, and BMS works having the average percentage of 43%, 31%, and 12% respectively. Furthermore, the study has estimated the unit price to construct high-rise buildings which ranges between 33,000.00 ETB/m2 to 93,0000.00 ETB/m2 with a weighted average of 66,0000.00 ETB/m2. Keywords: High-rise buildings, Cost, Cost-estimate, Construction-cost, Estimate
A Study of Alternative Wall Making Materials Selection Using Ahp Method
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Behailu Workneh Tolu; Denamo Addissie (PHD)
Material selection is a complex and delicate task determined by the vast number of building material options. Likewise, multiple factors are often considered by the architect or building designer when evaluating the various categories of building materials. As a result, these sets of factors or variables often present tradeoffs that further complicate the decision-making process. To ease the material-selection process, this study examines the relevant factors or variables needed to develop a systematic and efficient material-selection system. Through the analysis of frequency data and results of the study, it has identified the potential factors that will impact designers’ decisions in their choice of wall making alternative building materials, during the design-decision making process. The application of the criteria for the quantitative evaluation and selection of the best alternative building material, using the analytic hierarchy process model, are discussed. The developed decision support system assist designers to assess their consequences in terms of whether or not a material option is likely to be best chosen over the existing conditions. The study also investigates the existing situations in the application of alternative wall making building materials. It assesses the current materials which are being used as a wall making alternative building materials, the extent of usage and barriers to use these materials. Keywords: decision making process; factors or variables; selection criteria; alternative building materials; selection framework; analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
A Study of Alternative Wall Making Materials Selection Using Ahp Method
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Behailu Workneh Tolu; Denamo Addissie (PhD)
Material selection is a complex and delicate task determined by the vast number of building material options. Likewise, multiple factors are often considered by the architect or building designer when evaluating the various categories of building materials. As a result, these sets of factors or variables often present tradeoffs that further complicate the decision-making process. To ease the material-selection process, this study examines the relevant factors or variables needed to develop a systematic and efficient material-selection system. Through the analysis of frequency data and results of the study, it has identified the potential factors that will impact designers’ decisions in their choice of wall making alternative building materials, during the design-decision making process. The application of the criteria for the quantitative evaluation and selection of the best alternative building material, using the analytic hierarchy process model, are discussed. The developed decision support system assist designers to assess their consequences in terms of whether or not a material option is likely to be best chosen over the existing conditions. The study also investigates the existing situations in the application of alternative wall making building materials. It assesses the current materials which are being used as a wall making alternative building materials, the extent of usage and barriers to use these materials. Keywords: decision making process; factors or variables; selection criteria; alternative building materials; selection framework; analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
A study on Improving Price Adjustment Administration in Federal Road Projects
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-06-01) Simreteab Gebremedhin; Wubishet Jekale (PhD. Eng.)
The degree of price variations referring to each specific type of construction shall be measured by specific price indices, in order to achieve more accurate results. In Ethiopian Road Authority, Price Index is commonly used for price adjustment administration in the escalation of road construction costs. This study aims to improve price adjustment administration in federal road projects. The objectives of the study report in this thesis are assessing current price indices determination practice when original source cease to publish indices, assessing reliable sources to minimize ceasing of publishing indices and developing guideline for price adjustment administration system when supplier cease to exist and replaced by new source. This research covered, the studies on improving price adjustment administration in federal road projects. Moreover, price adjustment administration when suppliers cease to published price indices were analyzed by trend, T-tests and regression analysis techniques, to obtain models to predict the future values of the new sources of indices, which was a way enabling the prediction of the future indices of a price adjustment in federal road projects. Using a detailed literature review, a quantitative data collection approach, data was collected from Ethiopian Road Authority payment certificates, to see the trend of price adjustments of key construction cost inputs (cement, bitumen, fuel and steel), National Bank of Ethiopia’s website (currency exchange ETB to USD) and different local and international road construction material suppliers’ websites. In this thesis, some descriptive statistical methods have been used for the analysis of Three DB case study projects that are completed under RSDP IV. The projects are Chole magna, Dire Dawa- Dewelle and Pawi-Junction. The result is analysed using trend, T-test and regression analysis methods. The analysis resulted that, NOC should be used as a new source for Chole magna and Dire Dawa-Dewelle projects. Producer Price Index (PPI); Petroleum from Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) U.S should be used for Pawi Junction-Fendkia-Ayma project. Finally, based on the analysis of the results, this research developed guideline to enable professionals to determine the new source of index using a common guideline and help to create common understanding.
A Study on Improving Project Delivery Method Selection Criteria Practice on Ethiopian Road Authority
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-09-01) Edlawit Teka; Wubishet Jekale (PhD)
Construction industry in Ethiopia is one of the fast growing industries with significant share in the GDP. It has an important contribution to the economy which involves various infrastructure developments. One of the major infrastructure elements is the road sector. Ethiopian Road authority has a long history in providing road infrastructure primarily in the country. A project delivery method (PDM) is a framework that determines the relationship and responsibilities of client, contractor and consultant. The decision to select delivery method should be based on a systematic approach that includes all available PDMs. The project under the Ethiopian Roads Authority ERA, continue to face great challenges when it comes to delivering projects by selecting the most appropriate DM for its projects. The general practice in this institution is largely depends on culture of the ERA board’ reliance on their familiarity and experience with a particular method. With this background, this study provides a comprehensive solution for this challenges of ERA. 27 criterions under four group of delivery method selection criteria are identified in this research effort. The criteria are identified through questionnaire survey from client, consultant and contractor perspectives. The result is analysed using Relative Importance Index(RII). Project actual challenges are thoroughly discussed based on 22 selected case study projects that are completed under RSDP IV and RSDP V. The analysis clarifies main challenges of ERA’s projects. The major challenges identified are: Right of way, variation orders, scope change, design change and adverse weather conditions. A sufficient set of critical issues are defined in this study and advantages/disadvantages of each delivery method is thoroughly studied with respect to the issues concentrating on the effects of PDM option on the project challenges. The study covers both the available PDMs (i.e. Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Design Build (DB). The model for selecting appropriate delivery method is developed using Multi-attribute decision tools to select a PDM in this research for case study projects. The model was verified using case study project. The model provides useful information and introduces the advantages and limitations of each PDM to the decision makers. an essential well-structured decision making process is embedded in the proposed framework of this study as a result of the analysis that is reliable and sufficient to solve the problem of selecting an appropriate PDM. Key word: - Delivery method selection criteria, project challenges, Multi Attribute Utility Theory
Accessibility Assessment and improvement of Recreational Parks in Addis Ababa for People with Disabilites:The Case of Mobility and Visually Impaired People
(Addis ababa University, 2021-08) Wondaferew, Kalkidan; Abdulfetah, Aziza (pdf)
People with disabilities have the right to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life. They have the right to access the physical environment and other public facilities and services open to the public on an equal basis with others. Nevertheless, due to unfavorable conditions of different natures, people with disabilities who live in Addis Ababa have a limited opportunity to access public facilities and services as equal as others. One of the public facilities that manifest this problem is the limited access to urban parks. Due to design skills or poor management issues, most of the facilities and elements in the parks are whether damaged, obstructed, or miss placed and cause disabled people to have limited access. Hence, this research paper focuses on assessing the accessibility extent of the recreational parks in Addis Ababa for people with mobility and visual impairment and also recommending possible access improvements. To achieve the main objective of the research, the accessibility level of the recreational parks, factors that affect the accessibility level of the recreational parks, and improvement practices to increase the accessibility level of recreational parks are studied. Currently, there are 19 functional parks in Addis Ababa, out of which nine recreational parks from nine sub cities, are selected to be assessed in this research using stratified and purposive sampling methods. The size of the parks and the capacity to accommodate a larger population are the techniques used as sampling and site selection methods. A survey research method with mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies is employed. Primary data is collected from a Field observation using an accessibility compliance evaluation checklist and from a formal interview with a selected parks management representatives. Although people with disabilities cannot be found in the selected parks during the data collection period, to take their views into account, primary data has also collected from the people with disabilities using questioners. Accordingly, one hundred eighteen mobility and visually impaired people have participated in the questionnaire from the permanent members of the Ethiopian National Association of the Physically Handicapped (ENAPH) and Ethiopian National Association of the Blind (ENAB) using a clustered sampling method. From the data collected and analyzed the results show that, as measured against the international accessibility standard, the recreational parks studied have a very low accessibility level for people with disabilities. The low level of accessibility is associated with physical barriers imposed in most recreational parks. Uneven surface flooring and obstructed entrance spaces, narrow, rough, and slippery circulation pathways, Steps without an adjacent ramp, lack of curb ramps in grade changes, and absence of textural marking strip and handrails on stairs, and grade change are some of these physical barriers. Besides the physical barriers, the lack of accessibility consideration for people with disabilities when the parks are designed, inadequacy and lack of implementation of the accessibility standards and design guidelines put in the park development manuals, and lack of regular maintenance and professionally skilled officials to follow up the maintenance procedures are some of the factors that affect the accessibility of the parks. vii Thus, to improve the accessibility level of the recreational parks for people with disabilities, this study recognizes the need for improvement from simple maintenance to modifying and redesigning the inaccessible features of all the park components and infrastructures. The study also recommended responsible bodies such as architects, planners, park administrators, and management staff to play a vital role in increasing the accessibility level of the parks. Finally, a design proposal is developed in a selected case area to demonstrate the recommended access improvements.
Activities of common places in informal settlements: The case of selected streets and shared compounds of Abnet area, addis ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-12) Sileshi, Metadel; Yitbarek, Elias (PhD)
Researches were conducted on the housing issues such as physical condition, transformation, identity and so on. The importance of common places and their use as part of the activities that takes place and the significance of these activities for inner-city neighborhoods of Addis Ababa, however, were not given much weight. Thus, the main objective of the research is to explore activities of common places in one of these neighborhoods. To investigate this, a case study approach was selected, as it is the best fit for descriptive, explanatory and exploratory questions. Moreover, it is the most appropriate to collect data in a natural setting. Accordingly, qualitative data is collected in the form of semi structured indepth interviews, mapping, photography and notes from personal observations. The case area, Abnet, was chosen based on the fact that it‟s a dense inner-city informal settlement. The research focuses on streets and shared compounds of a neighborhood. The streets based on activities taking place and other geographical features, are sub divided into two main categories, namely access and nodal streets, and small neighborhood streets, which are more intimate serving mostly residents of immediate compounds. A total of ten streets and seven compounds were studied. Accordingly, the main findings are: activities can be classified into four major categories namely, business activities, recreational activities, household activities and Social/cultural activities. It was revealed that, overlap of different types of activities is a common scenario. The type of places the activities occupy are found to depend on the types of activities. The research strongly suggests that overlap of activities is useful for maximum utilization of space with other socio-economic and recreational advantages and that it should be fostered. When planning and designing common places there should be hierarch of common places and they should be planned in a way that they can accommodate layers of activities
Affordable Housing and Economic Sustainability the Case of The Poorest of the Poor Housing in Debre Markos City
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Michael Menberu Zewudie; Elias Yitbarek (PhD)
The affordability of housing is an essential policy goal. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaire surveys, interviews, field observation, and household surveys. Households in the expanding area have lower monthly salaries than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their dwellings, according to the data analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Households in the intermediate zone had significantly higher incomes after moving into their new homes. Housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. In addition, the study examines several economic sustainability performance indicators. As a result, indicators have been established to examine new housing development schemes for the poorest of the poor. intensive literature analysis and investigation into the study area yielded a preliminary list of 15 critical economically sustainable performance indicators of affordable housing for the poorest of the poor’s. The study suggested indicators for incorporating economic sustainability into the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs. The indicators suggest using mixed-use housing and neighborhoods, economic sustainability performance indicators, house location, affordable housing for the poorest of the poor women, house management and maintenance, infrastructure, and local community participation as parameters for evaluating key dimensions of the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs' economic sustainability. Key words: Affordable housing, Sustainable housing, economic sustainability
Affordable Housing And Economic Sustainability The Case of The Poorest of The Poor Housing In Debre Markos City
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Michael Menberu Zewudie; Elias Yitbarek (PhD)
The affordability of housing is an essential policy goal. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaire surveys, interviews, field observation, and household surveys. Households in the expanding area have lower monthly salaries than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their dwellings, according to the data analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Households in the intermediate zone had significantly higher incomes after moving into their new homes. Housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. In addition, the study examines several economic sustainability performance indicators. As a result, indicators have been established to examine new housing development schemes for the poorest of the poor. intensive literature analysis and investigation into the study area yielded a preliminary list of 15 critical economically sustainable performance indicators of affordable housing for the poorest of the poor’s. The study suggested indicators for incorporating economic sustainability into the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs. The indicators suggest using mixed-use housing and neighborhoods, economic sustainability performance indicators, house location, affordable housing for the poorest of the poor women, house management and maintenance, infrastructure, and local community participation as parameters for evaluating key dimensions of the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs' economic sustainability.
AIR QUALITY AT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION STATIONS/STOPS: CONTRIBUTION OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION IN ADDIS ABABA
(EiABC, 2019-06) BIKIS MEQUANNIT, ADDIS; Mintesnot G. Woldeamanuel Professor, Berhanu Woldetensae (Dr.)
This study portrayed air quality at public transportation stations/stops: contribution of Light Rail Transit to reduce air pollution in Addis Ababa. In this regard,the current transportation air pollution research documents indicates that increased risks for exposure of asthma and other respiratory diseases, and cancers populations residing close proximity to roadways. The purpose of the researcher was to know the air quality at LRT, bus, taxi and bus/taxi stations by air tracking device, and health effect at sampled public transportation stations. Air quality data include particulate matter (PM), air quality index (AQI), CO2, humidity and temperature with 30 minutes observation by Air-Visual pro for each 24 sampled stations from North to South LRT line. The data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews and measurements at 24 purposively selected bus, LRT, taxi and bus /taxi stations at peak and off peak hours. All data obtained by primary data gathering instruments were analyzed with qualitative and quantitative method. Air quality data and health questionnaires analyzed in quantitative approach with regression, tables, graphs and percentage whereas, interviews and personal observation analyzed and interpreted in qualitative manner. The result suggested that the location and design of bus stops and shelter orientation is found to have a significant effect on the concentration of AQI, PM and CO2. It was observed that shelters with an opening oriented towards the roadway had consistently higher concentrations inside the bus shelter than unsheltered stops. Regarding this, 30 persons questioned at each stations, 720 in total to know the health effect of persons living/working in and around the stations. The findings indicate that out of 720 respondents, 324 (45%) were exposed for air quality related diseases residing and working close proximity to the stations. Based on the findings, air quality at public transportation stations is unhealthy, above an average of 65μg/m3 PM2.5 and 150 AQI at bus and taxi stations during peak hour. LRT stations have below 25μg/m3 PM2.5 and 70 AQI. This indicates that LRT contributed 40.63μg/m3 PM2.5 and 81.88 AQI reduction of air pollution at sampled stations daily. It is hoped this study will inform stakeholders to harmonize between transportation and land-use. Institutionalizing transportation and health, transport policy should focus on High Occupancy Vehicles and expansion of Light Rail Transit in Addis Ababa. air quality index (AQI), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), public transportation, LRT, bus shelter,station design, health.
An Assessment of Urban Expansion on The Surrounding Farming Land: The Case of Tulu Bolo Town, Oromia Regional State.
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-10-01) Alemayehu Megersa; Birhanu Girma(PhD)
The Objectives of this study were to assess Urban Expansion on the Surrounding Farming Land: The case of Tulu Bolo Town, Oromia Region. Problems related with food security, asset losses, as well as the measures taken to address were investigated. Urbanization is one of the most factors demographic trends of the twenty first century where cities are rapidly expanding through a continuous process of urban growth towards the peri-urban agricultural farmlands. One of the many manifestations in urban expansion is the transformation of more and more farmlands away from agricultural production. As it is associated with socio economic development, urbanization has a higher level of development in developed nations than developing ones. In Ethiopia, although its urbanization level is the lowest even under developed nations, however, its rate is the highest and made a country one of the fast urbanization in the World. As a matter of this fact, Tulu Bolo Town is among the Ethiopian urban settings experiencing unprecedented rate of urbanization through expansion. Therefore, the study Depends on the descriptive research design and involved both Quantitative and Qualitative approaches. A household survey was conducted on 166 households sampled through systematic sampling and non-random sampling techniques. Primary data had been collected through semi-structured questionnaire, semi-closed interview, Field observation and focus group discussion and secondary was from different Written and documented sources. Thus, farmers consulted for this study had developed dissatisfied feeling towards the urban development in the area and lost sense of belongingness to the development program. Therefore , the recommendation of this study that, there is a need to have a good urban governance to limit the problem, especially, following participatory approach on stakeholders, mainly, farmers, in to urban development plans and projects, there should exist effective rules and regulations which guide expropriation and compensation to farmers when their land is expropriated for public interest. There should, also be consideration of the recipients' interests on kind and quantity of compensation and if money is only possible resolutions on a kind of compensation to farmers, then, pre-trainings and post instruction need to be carried out to enable such community sustain and secure their livelihood. Key words: Urban Expansion, expropriation, compensation, and peri-urban agricultural
An Assessment of Urban Land Use Plan Implementation Challenges In Oromia Region: The Case of Dukem Town
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-09) Gezahegn Birku; Birhanu Girma (PhD)
Land use planning is a critical tool for managing and regulating the use of land in towns and cities. However, implementing land use plans in Dukem town can be challenging, due to a variety of factors, including plan violation, informal settlement, and land use incompatibly and lack of community participation. By observing the problem, this study focuses on major causes and the consequences of urban land use plan implementation challenges Dukem town. It identify the most common challenges that the sub city face, and discuss the factors that contribute to these challenges. Research approach of explanatory with survey methods were used in the research. Descriptive statics and analysis with detailed contextual reviews were widely undertaken throughout the research. The result of the study shows that, the major challenges of land use plan implementation includes: corruption, increase illegal expansion, and environmental pollution, lack of land use plan management system. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of the failed urban land use plan implementation: expansion of in formal settlement; decrease of land value and produces an irregular and aesthetically poor town are the major effects that are challenging the sub city. Generally the study shows that, Dukem town faces many challenges in land use plan implementation which hinder the development of the town. Finally the research recommends: preventing unlawful settlement before any building begins; increasing community participation in land plan preparation and implementation; and regularly monitoring and evaluation of the plan's implementation. Keywords: Planning, Urbanization, Urban Land, Peri-urban, Plan Implementation
An Assessment on The Competitiveness of Indigenous Contractor’s In Road Construction Projects (The Case of Federal Roads)
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-12-01) Zemenu Mersha Mihret; Wubshet Jekale (PhD)
A competitive contractor is the guarantee of a project’s success with enough capacity and performance on the industry. Therefore, how to choose a competitive contractor is crucial for the clients in the sector. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given an emphasis on improving the quality and size of the road network and infrastructure. Concerning this, the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is one of the assigned institutions by the FDRE as an implementing agency to award and follow up the implementation of the federal road construction projects to be timely and cost-effective as well as to improve the road sector through competent indigenous contractors. However, different literatures and reports shows that the indigenous contractors are not competitive enough in ERA projects. Thus, the road sector of Ethiopia is being dependent on foreign contractors. Consequently, the country faced lack of foreign currency, lack of local job opportunities, lack of competitive local contractors, and the increment of construction cost & time and quality decrement. Therefore, the study assessed the extent of competitiveness and identified critical affecting factors. Finally, it indicates the improvement mechanisms of competitiveness for indigenous contractors which participate in ERA projects. To achieve this, the research used survey and case study research strategy with mixed approach analysis method. The source of data used for the analysis were collected from respondent documents through questionnaire survey and document review from G-1 contractor’s and ERA. Thus, 97 ICB during tender and 104 projects during actual implementation were used for analyzing the competitiveness extent of indigenous contractors. Therefore, the average competitiveness extent of indigenous contractors was 46.07% in terms of value of projects awarded whereas in terms of actual performance were 52.4%. To select the most critical indigenous contractor competitiveness affecting factors, 37 factors were identified. Among these, the identified and prioritized 12 factors are cash flow management, experience, annual turn over, shortage of finance, time planning & management, capacity of human resource, plant and equipment, price increment, crew productivity, project scope, inappropriate price offer and material availability. And also, to find competitiveness improvement mechanisms, 21 factors were identified. From these, the identified 9 improvement mechanisms are continuous capacity building, suitable government policy, efficient use of advance payment, adequate funding, utilizing foreign contractors’ best practice, competent project manager, well-defined work plan, utilizing latest technology and utilizing joint venture approach. The research further provides recommendations under what circumstances the competitiveness of indigenous contractor’s will be sustainably to Federal road construction projects. Keyword: Competitiveness, Indigenous Contractor’s, ERA, Road Construction
Analysis of Housing Affordability and the Impact of Housing Stress on tWell-Being in the Case of Selected Blocks of Yeka Abado CONDOMINIUM Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Natnael Tadesse Debele; Imam Mahmoud
Most researches indicate that despite several efforts to reduce housing demand in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the housing price, rent, and mortgage prices are considered beyond the capacity of the many city dwellers. For this clear reason, affordable housing in all tenure types is considered unattainable in many cases of households. Some research indications seem that housing stress is affecting the well-being of citizens. This research investigates beyond the observations and through scientific analysis of housing affordability to determine the scale of housing affordability stress as well as the well-being of selected neighborhoods in Yeka Abado Condominium. To reach a considerable conclusion, the methodology employed includes housing affordability measurements (ratio methods), adequacy and compatibility questionnaires, analysis of the relationship between the housing affordability stress and well being, RAND SF-36 internationally accepted questionnaire is used. To further analyze longitudinal affordability additional interviews are employed. The main result of the study shows that housing unaffordability in all tenure types shows that an increased housing expenditure decreases well-being outcomes. Overall, 75% of the residents’ dwell in units that are unaffordable, inadequate, and incompatible with their needs. similarly, 45.7% for rental tenure, 38.5% for mortgage tenure, and 10% for ownership tenure housing stress was recorded. Based on the relationship of housing stress and well-being mental and social functioning have been affected by housing stress. The study further forwarded that the housing affordability issue is more complex than economic affordability. The paper also indicates that those different aspects of affordability affect the well-being of dwellers. economic affordability must be considered thoroughly by all target groups and tenure types (both the owner and tenant). Furthermore, existing beneficiaries of the IHDP program should get strategic relief and an alternative affordability housing ladder. Keywords: housing stress, affordable housing, well being, adequacy, compatibility
Analysis of Housing Affordability And The Impact of Housing Stress on Well-Being: In The Case Of Selected Blocks of Yeka Abado Condominium Addis Ababa.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Natnael Tadesse Debele; Imam Mahmoud Hassen
Most researches indicate that despite several efforts to reduce housing demand in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the housing price, rent, and mortgage prices are considered beyond the capacity of the many city dwellers. For this clear reason, affordable housing in all tenure types is considered unattainable in many cases of households. Some research indications seem that housing stress is affecting the well-being of citizens. This research investigates beyond the observations and through scientific analysis of housing affordability to determine the scale of housing affordability stress as well as the well-being of selected neighborhoods in Yeka Abado Condominium. To reach a considerable conclusion, the methodology employed includes housing affordability measurements (ratio methods), adequacy and compatibility questionnaires, analysis of the relationship between the housing affordability stress and wellbeing, RAND SF-36 internationally accepted questionnaire is used. To further analyze longitudinal affordability additional interviews are employed. The main result of the study shows that housing unaffordability in all tenure types shows that an increased housing expenditure decreases well-being outcomes. Overall, 75% of the residents’ dwell in units that are unaffordable, inadequate, and incompatible with their needs. similarly, 45.7% for rental tenure, 38.5% for mortgage tenure, and 10% for ownership tenure housing stress was recorded. Based on the relationship of housing stress and well-being mental and social functioning have been affected by housing stress. The study further forwarded that the housing affordability issue is more complex than economic affordability. The paper also indicates that those different aspects of affordability affect the well-being of dwellers. economic affordability must be considered thoroughly by all target groups and tenure types (both the owner and tenant). Furthermore, existing beneficiaries of the IHDP program should get strategic relief and an alternative affordability housing ladder.
Analysis of the Causes and Consequences of Flash Flood and Design for Flood Resilient Neighborhood in Kebelle 02 of Bishoftu Towon
(EiABC, 2018-10) Tilahun, Biruk; Hailu, Worku
Natural hazards are the most known catastrophes on the planet earth. They cause devastation on property and loss of human life. Flood is one of the major natural hazards. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change prediction, in the coming years the frequency and intensity of floods will increase at an alarming rate. The impact of flooding is very severe in developing countries. As a developing country, Ethiopia is one of the victim of natural hazards, of which flood is the prominent one. The country experiences two types of floods: river floods and flash floods. This research focused on flash floods that occur seasonally in Kebele 02 of Bishoftu town. The study has set objectives to identify major driving causes and effects of flash flooding, to generate maps of urban flood barrage by using data from peak runoff events, explore the coping strategy used by local residents and to propose an appropriate strategy for flood resilience in the study area. In order to meet the intended objectives, the present research followed descriptive and explanatory research methodology. The research employed field observation, survey, interview, document review and case study. The data obtained through questionnaire, interview guides and checklists were analyzed using simple descriptive statistical methods such as percentages, charts, and graphs. The qualitative analysis was presented through direct quotes followed by explanation using different spatial mapping. The study identified that: encroachment of fragile ecosystem (quarry at upper catchment), new developments, prevalence of impervious surface materials, poor solid waste management, lack of vegetation on the mountains and plain areas are the major driving factors of the flash flood in the study area. These driving factors have infrastructure and household equipment damage, health related effects due to contamination of edible items and water pollution and flood induced economic crises on the residents of the case site. Finally the study recommends appropriate strategies to bring flood resilience in the case site such as: sustainable drainage system, storm water detaining tanks, bio-retention basin, rehabilitation of the quarry and enhancing the local coping strategy of the residents. Keyword: Ethiopia, Bishoftu, flashflood, coping strategies, Resilience, sustainable drainage system
Analysis of the Forces Shaping Urban Expansion in the Case of Lagatafo Lagadadi Town, Oromia Special Zone
(2021-03) Kassahun, Hundesa; Girma (PhD), Birhanu
The major objective of the study was to analyze the forces shaping urban expansion in the case of Lagatafo Lagadadi town. The study emphasized on descriptive research design. For the purpose of the study both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Both primary and secondary data source employed. The target population includes households, kebele leaders, land management agency and leaders of Lagatafo Lagadadi town. Probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling techniques employed for this study. The participants of the study include 99 households; 43 employees and 6 key informants. The data was collected through questionnaires; interview; document analysis and field observations. Data collected using questionnaire to determine deriving force the urban expansion were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Landsat images from the USGS were analyzed by using supervised classification technique in GIS to investigate the temporal changes of the land use land cover types. The results showed that only the built up land use shows an increment trend and the remaining land use land cover forest, agriculture, and open space showed a decline thought the years of 1995-2019 years. The yearly urban expansion rate was 5.70% for the past 24 years. The forces derived urban expansion in the study area were highly associated the factors of economic, infrastructure, proximity, neighborhood, physical, land values, land use policy and urban planning. On the basis of the major findings the study recommends the government authorities need to enforce strict urban growth policies in coming days. Proper urban planning is always needed to be emphasized. It is important for Lagatafo Lagadadi town municipality to enforce timely and appropriate land use planning which considers the requirements of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Regular and up-to-date information on urban land use changes is required to visualize growth patterns and improve urban expansion.
Analysis of the Practice and Challenges of Urban Land Management:The Case of Kirkos Sub City
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-01) Tigist Tamrat Muluneh; Birhanu Girma (PhD)
This study assessed the land management practices and challenges in Addis Ababa City Administration using kirkos Sub-City as a case study. The study design was descriptive case study. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained through questionnaire from total 163 selected respondents using simple random sampling technique, and through key informant interviews using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Secondary data involved reviewing relevant published and unpublished reports, operation manuals and other relevant documents. Data collected through survey questionnaire was entered in to Google form for statistical analysis, and data collected through interviews were analyzed using narrative description method. The result of the study shows that, the major challenges are a lack of adequate resources (57.1%), weak information management system (53.6%), informal land settlement (71.4%) and corruption (83.9%) are causes of the challenges which include: Limited access to formal land ownership, Weak regulations and disproportionate punishment, rapid urbanization and population growth, lack of lateral space to store the files and Budget usage. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of these challenges includes: undermines property rights and land tenure security (91.1%), loss of potential revenue (92.8%), unable to provide timely and accurate information (96.4%), hampers the accuracy and completeness of land records (96.4%) and undermines public trust in the integrity of land-related decision-making processes (85.7%). Finally the research recommends the revise of rules and regulations, organize information’s carefully, align the budget with the needs and introduce technologies to ease services. Keywords: urbanization, urban land, urban land management
Analysis of Urban Land Management Problems: A Case Study of Sululta Town.
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-01) Milkesa Mosisa Ejara; Birhanu Girma (PhD)
his study analyzed the urban land management problems of Sululta town and also examined the factors affecting those practices. Sululta town is located in the Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne in the North direction. Sululta town was established in 1929 by Italian fascists. The major goal of this study is to identify the variables influencing urban land management in the study area by taking into account the important drivers and their impact on the variables related to land management. The foundation for doing this research has come from the actual problems shown in this area and the will to contribute knowledge to the field of land management as regards institutional perspectives. To do this research, both primary and secondary data types were used, and the data were gathered from Residents, Experts, Town officials (management), document review, and site. The data were collected using site observation, interviews Questionnaires methods. The samples were selected from the all four kebeles in the Sululta town administrative boundary from the total population of 129,843 (one hundred twenty-nine thousand eight hundred forty-three). The self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires also have a small number of open-ended items to help gather any extra, unstated issues. The gathered data was processed using IBM SPSS 25 software and analyzed both in a descriptive and inferential way, supplemented by graphs and tables. The result of the study revealed that urban land management is significantly affected by a skilled manpower gap and financial gap, community participation positive significantly affect urban land management at 5%(β =0.055) significant level, equity and inclusiveness in all societies positive significantly affect urban land management at 5% (β =0.255) significant level, and efficiency & effectiveness in urban land administration positive significantly affect urban land management at 5% (β=0.34) significant level. Finally, the researcher recommends the reconsideration of the administrative structure of land management, proper implementation of the land-related law, paying attention to the high growth of population and the increase in land demand in the town, and the administration should have to change the current manual data recording and holding mechanism and make it clear, safe, centralized, and computerized to solve the currently shown problems and make a good and effective land management system. Key words: Urban land, Land management, Land Administration, Land Policy, Land Information, urban Expansion, Land Registration
Analysis of Urban Land-Use Planning Implementation Problems: The Case of Kazanchis Area, Addis Ababa City
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-01-01) Eyerusalem Desalegn Alemu; Birhanu Girma (PhD)
Metropolitan areas have significantly become important engines of economic growth. Addis Ababa,aiming to bring about a vibrant economic center in Ethiopia, has long embarked on the path of development through redevelopment and renewal projects. The largely organic nature of the city hinders the aim of Addis Ababa reaching to the heights of its transformation: hence, urban land-use planning has become an essential tool to coordinate urban parameters in a manner that utilizes resources of land and physical environment for better economic viability. The Kazanchis area selected in this study focuses on the implementation of urban land-use planning under redevelopment projects in three facets: the first area (Zone 1) is characterized as an area that has not changed in spatial landuse terms; the second area (Zone 2) has new development projects and buildings with a completed urban renewal LDP. Thirdly, an area (Zone 3) with an on-going redevelopment project. Therefore, the objectives of assessing the different aspects of urban land-use planning implantation problems; assessing the influence of political economy; examining the urban service provisions; and, assessing the link between urban land-use planning and local economic planning are analyzed via qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The nature of the research design is descriptive and uses both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Questionnaires, key-informant interviews and direct open-end and closed-end questions were employed in primary data gathering while secondary data was collected from different sub-city and federal government bureaus as well as previous researches, journals, books, and other relevant literatures. The study found that the second and third zones have resulted in a decline of revenue generation of the influence area. Furthermore, in the third zone, lack of harmonization has been identified as a key-hinderer of a successful redevelopment project. Undue political interference in the professional practice of the implementation created problems in the economic redistribution and civic inclusion within the locality. The gap between the preparation phase and the lack of adequate implementation capacity delays the prospects of inclusive economic growth and neglects the social integrity of the locality. The nexus between the political economy and its implications on policy decision making on land-use planning implementation is seen critically. The study recommends for an urban land-use planning project to be harmonized through a process-based and economic-based analysis coupled with an independent inspecting body that includes practicing professionals, legal advisors, locality and government representatives. Key words: Implementation, Urban land-use planning, Local development, Urban governance.

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