Counseling Psychology

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/159

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Browsing Counseling Psychology by Subject "anxiety"

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    Adverse Childhood Experience and Mental Health Concern among Clients Visiting Erq Ma’ed Psychological Services
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025) Betelehem Bekele; Belay Tefera
    Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including physical and emotional abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction have lasting impacts on adult mental health. This study examined the re-lationship between ACEs and mental health concerns, focusing on depression, anxiety, and stress among clients visiting Erq Ma’ed Psychological Services. A total of 70 clients who met inclusion criteria participated in the study; since all eligible individuals were included, no sampling tech-nique was applied. Data were collected using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Analyses in-cluded correlations, chi-square tests, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multiple regressions. Results showed that 85.7% of participants reported exposure to high levels of ACEs (4+ ACEs). High ACE exposure was significantly associated with greater depression and anxie-ty, though stress did not differ significantly across exposure levels. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, parental separation or death, and family member incarceration were found to uniquely predict higher depression and anxiety scores. Gender analysis revealed that women reported significantly higher mental health distress related to interpersonal ACEs compared to men.The findings suggest that cumulative and interpersonal childhood adversities contribute substantially to adult psychological distress. Discussion highlights the consistency of these findings with glob-al evidence linking ACEs to adult psychopathology, emphasizing the urgent need for trauma-informed and gender-sensitive mental health interventions within the Ethiopian context. The study concludes that early screening for ACEs in counseling settings is essential for effective prevention and treatment. Future research should include larger and more diverse samples, em-ploy longitudinal designs to clarify causal pathways, and explore protective factors such as resil-ience and social support that may buffer the effects of childhood adversity. Keywords: adverse childhood experiences, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, gender dif-ferences.
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    Depression, Anxiety and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among People with Orthopedic Conditions atAaBET Hospital. A Cross-sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Fraol Melese; Nimona Shaka (Ass.prof.)
    Introduction: - Orthopedic conditions, which encompass a range of issues affecting the bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments, are prevalent worldwide, impacting millions of individuals. While the physical limitations and pain associated with these conditions are well-documented, the mental health implications—such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—are frequently overlooked. Thus, there is a lack of previous study in our study area so this study aims to explore depression, anxiety and post traumatic syndrome disorders among people with orthopedic conditions at AaBET hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024. Methodology: - institutional based correctional study design was conducted on 422 patients. Data collected for the study was analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics to summarize categorical and continuous variables, and utilizing t-tests to assess sex differences in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Logistic regression analysis model were fitted to identify the association between outcome and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the significance of relevant factors, with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Addis Ababa University School of Psychology, and permission was granted by AaBET Hospital for research conduct. Informed consent was secured from participants, who were assured of the confidentiality of their data, which would only be used for the study's purposes. All records were securely stored, ensuring that personal information remained anonymous in any reports. Result: - The study assessed 422 orthopedic trauma patients, revealing significant demographic and clinical characteristics, including a predominance of males (59.6%) with a mean age of 37 years, many residing in urban areas (79.9%) and having low educational attainment (27.3% with only elementary education). The leading cause of injury was road traffic accidents (42.8%), with upper extremity injuries being the most common (72.2%), and a notable portion of patients reporting chronic illnesses (29%). Mental health issues were prevalent, with 35% experiencing anxiety, 24.7% stress, and 40.3% depression, highlighting the critical need for integrated mental health support in the rehabilitation process for these patients. Conclusion: - The existing research clearly highlights the significant mental health burden experienced by individuals with orthopedic conditions. Addressing these challenges is critical for improving their overall well-being and quality of life. However, further research is needed to refine our understanding of the specific factors contributing to these conditions and to develop tailored interventions that address the diverse needs of this population Keywords: - post traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, prevalence.
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    Experiences of Emotional Disturbances among Male Military Personnel at Ethiopian Armed Force Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Mekdes Yalew; Assefa Berihun (PhD)
    Mental health issues are prevalent globally, particularly affecting individuals in the armed forces. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among military personnel at the Ethiopian Armed Force Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Across-sectional survey design was employed. The data was examined with descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistical method such as one-Way ANOVA. involving 196 male military personnel. It revealed that 40.8% of respondents reported symptoms of depression ,47% reported anxiety, and 17.8% reported stress. Further analysis indicated that 17.3% experienced mild depression ,15.8% moderate ,4.6% severe, and 3.1% extremely severe. Similarly, anxiety levels were categorized as mild (16.8%), moderate (22.4%), severe (5.1%), and extremely severe (3.1%). Stress levels were reported as mild (9.7%), moderate (7.1%), and severe (1%). These findings highlight the significant prevalence of mental health challenges among Ethiopian military personnel, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and support services to address these issues and promote the well-being of those serving in the armed forces. This study also reveals a complex interplay of socio-demographic factors and emotional disturbance among military personnel. While age and financial income have significant difference in the level of depression, having children also have significance difference in level of stress, other socio-demographic characteristics, such as marital status, level of education and work experience, didn’t show significant difference with depression, anxiety or stress. Based on the research male military personnel above 55 years old have high level of depression and military have four children have low stress level. Key words; Emotional disturbance, depression, anxiety, stress, male military personnel
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    The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025) Bezawit Girma; Moges Ayele
    Breast cancer remains a major public health challenge in Ethiopia, with women often experiencing significant levels of anxiety and depression that adversely affect their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been recognized as a promising approach to address these psychological burdens. This study explored the effectiveness of CBT in reducing anxiety and depression among women with breast cancer at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa. A randomized controlled trial design was employed, comparing an intervention group that received CBT with a control group that received standard care. Baseline measures of anxiety and depression were collected, and post-intervention outcomes were analyzed using standardized instruments. The findings revealed that CBT led to a significant reduction in both anxiety and depression symptoms compared to standard care. Women in the intervention group showed greater improvement, with a mean reduction of -6.8 in depression scores versus -3.9 in the control group, and a decrease in anxiety scores of -4.3 compared to -2.8. The odds of high post-intervention anxiety were reduced by 52%, and depression was lowered by 8% in the intervention group, underscoring the cross-cultural applicability and effectiveness of CBT. These results highlight the feasibility and acceptability of integrating structured, culturally adapted CBT into oncology care in Ethiopia. The study recommends the inclusion of CBT as part of routine cancer treatment, supported by capacity building, policy integration, and further research to evaluate long-term outcomes and scalability in low-resource settings. Keywords: Breast cancer, anxiety, depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, randomized control design, Ethiopia