IER Theses and Dissertations

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Browsing IER Theses and Dissertations by Subject "(Plasma)"

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    A Study on the Utilization of Educational Television (Plasma) in the Secondary Schools of East Gojjam Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-03) Amsalu, Tesfaye; Pandey, Manishaa (Professor)
    This study was set to examine the status quo of variables in the utilization of instructional TV as a direct medium of teaching in the Secondary Schools of East Gojjam Zone. Educational expansion in the study zone has considerably increased the number of students up to 122 in a class, which in turn inevitably need increment of teachers' number, classrooms and other teaching materials. However, educational resources both the human and materials are lacking behind to support the educational expansion and quality envisaged with the aim of universal education declaration in the country. In this regard application of educational technologies can be conceived for the amelioration of educational resource constraints such as insufficiency of teachers both in numbers and qualification, teaching materials for demonstrations and experiments, lack of well-facilitated libraries and laboratories, and others. In order to address such constraints the MOE has decided to change the medium of instruction from conventional teaching to TVas a direct medium of teaching in the secondary schools as of 2003. In order to assess the contribution of lTV to students' learning and impediments facing in its application, this study was envisaged. The study used survey research method. Representative sample students and teachers were systematically selected through the combination of simple and stratified random samplings in successive stages. Team leaders at EMA, Zone Education Desk, woreda education heads and principals were selected as interviewees through purposive sampling. Both primary and secondary, including quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the sample population through two types of questionnaires, one for the students and the other for the teachers. In addition interviewing, classroom observations during TV instructions, and documentary analysis were carried out. The data were analyzed using percentage, counts and t-test statistical tools. The analysis and interpretation of the study resulted in the following major findings: More than half percent of the classroom teachers were found underqualified for the grade level they teach. There is a limitation in orienting students, teachers and parents about the benefits of applying lTV As a result some students and some teachers do not perform their roles properly. Majority of the students and the teachers prefer TV instruction to conventional classroom teaching. Inappropriate time planning for introduction and follow up phases, carrying out activities and observing visuals was identified as a major problem for efficient utilization of lTV. Classroom assessment tests were not properly administered due to lack of time. There is acute shortage of technicians, TV instruction guides for teachers and students', and TV sets. TV teachers were acknowledged for their good qualities of appropriate content selection, arousing students' interest for learning, well-organized working habits, preparation TV teachers' guides and command of knowledge they teach (in most cases). On the other hand, TV teachers were criticized for committing errors in some programs that hurdle easier assimilation of knowledge. There are no efficient feedback mechanisms between TV teachers andlor EMA; and students, teachers, and educational managers at operational level. Electric failures and mix up channels were identified as the major causes for TV instruction interruption. Even though utilization of TV instruction had faced many problems, its benefits out weigh the limitations. Most of the existing problems identified in the findings can be minimize through continuous monitoring mechanisms. So, it is concluded that Plasma TV instruction should be used as a direct teaching medium of instruction both intensively and extensively.