Veterinary Epidemiology

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Browsing Veterinary Epidemiology by Subject "Antigen capture-ELISA"

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    Seroepidemiology and Also Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viral Antigen from Dairy Farms In Holeta Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021) Worku Berhanu; Dr. Haileleul Negussie; Dr. Asamenew Tesfaye
    A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 to detect the antigen, investigate seroepidemiology, and associated risk factors bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in Holeta town at Walmera district of Ethiopia. A total of 337 sera samples were collected from unvaccinated cattle. The sera samples were subjected to BVDV antibody and antigen detection using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and antigen-capture ELISA test, respectively. In this study, 15.43% (n = 52) and 64.71% (n = 11) overall seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibody was observed at individual and herds level, respectively. All antibody-negative serum samples (n =285) were tested for antigen using antigen-capture ELISA, of which 0.35% (n = 1) was found antigen-positive for BVDV.This is the first report of BVDV antigen prevalence (0.35%) in the study areas and Ethiopia. A statistically higher seroprevalence (P = 0.000) of BVDV was observed in cows with a history of abortion 52% (OR: 7.2; 2.98- 16.56), cows with repeated breeder 50% (OR: 6.2, 2.85-13.12), the introduction of new animal to the herd 50% (OR: 6.97;3.01-16.13), animals reared in intensive farms 26.43% (OR: 4.36;0.28-8.32) and parity ≥ 2 24.17% (OR:4.42;1.92-10.14). Additionally, Congenital defects 41.67% (OR: 4.22;1.28-13.86, P=0.017), large herd size 24.22% (OR: 3.36; 1.358.35,P=0.009), adults 23.12% (OR: 3.78;1.63 8.77, P=0.002) and farms used both AI and bull breeding 17.44% (OR: 2.17;0.93-5.03,P=0.070) were identified as potential risk factors and significantly associated with bovine viral diarrhea seropositivity. Seroprevalence of BVDV was not associated with body condition scores and sex at (P>0.05). This study revealed that cattle residing in Holeta town have greater exposure to BVDV infection and varied with reproductive problem, management, and farming system of the animals. The finding has also detected the antigens that helpful to further isolate the dominant genotypes BVDV circulating in the study area