Rural Development Studies

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Browsing Rural Development Studies by Subject "Active Strategy"

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    Survival Strategies of Female In-Migrant in Gimbi Town, Oromia Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009) Tefera, Dawit; Gurmu, Eshetu (PhD)
    In urban Ethiopia, number of female migrants has been growing with time. Economic and social factors are major reasons for females' migrations in the country. Intention of females ' migrations is basically related to improving standard of life. However, unemployment, under waged employment and unsustainable livelihood strategies are common problems for significant proportion of female in-migrants in most urban centers of Ethiopia. As a result, many female in-migrants lead their lives in worst situations and struggle with poverty that worsens their lives. In view of this problem, the main objective of this study was to investigate survival strategies of female in-migrants in Gimbi town. By using questionnaire, FGDs and interviews data were collected from 380 female inmigrants randomly selected. Then, analyses of the study were done using descriptive and binary logistic regression stati stical tools as well as qualitative techniques. The finding of the study reveals that economic factors (searching for jobs and transfer) and social fac tors (search for education, family formation and finding relatives/fri ends) are basic causes for you ng, economically active and rural origin females' in-migrations to Gimbi town. Moreover, the result of the study indicates that active strategy, passive strategy and social network are the basic survival strategies female in-migrants often adopt to lead their lives in the town. These strategies are regularly reali zed by accepting avai lable job, reducing food intake, using secondhand cloth, renting housing unit with low cost, selling household properties, borrowing, receiving aids and sharing expenses. The result of binary logistic regression analysis shows that the probability of female inmigrants to accept available job as a survival strategy varies due to socio-economic and demographic factors. Accordi ngly, problems of economic status are recurrent among yo ung, rural origin, head, single, with dependent children, large family size, recent and illiterate female in-migrants in Gimbi town. Simil arly, in the study town, female in-migrants could not earn income from their livelihood strategies are regularly overwhelmed by these problems. Because, female in-migrants among all the aforementioned categories had higher likelihoods to accept available job as a means of survival strategy compared with their respective categories. However, accepting ava ilable job as a survival strategy is not influenced by ethnic background and religion of female in-migrants in the study town. On the other hand, the outcome of this study also indicates that unemployment and underemployment resulted from seasonality of work and low level of earning are the basic economic challenges for many fem ale in-migrants in Gimbi town. Hence, as fea sible recommendations the fo llowings were stated. Reinfo rcing affirmative actions, strengthening the implementations of constitutional rights given to women, providing free family planning services, supporting insti tutions working on improving life of poor female in-migrants, faci litating situations in whi ch female in-migrants get training on awareness creation, accentuating stabili zation of the current market inflations, and developing technical training centers that could assist fema le in-m igrants with low educational status. Key words: Female In -mi grant, Survival Strategies, Active Strategy, Passive Strategy and Social Network