Center for Human Rights

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Browsing Center for Human Rights by Subject "accessibility"

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    The Human Right to Water in Ethiopia: The Case of Badusa Betela Community
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-01) Tekle, Misrak; Jibril, Abdi (PhD)
    This study examines the Human Right to Water (HRW) in Badusa Betela community. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach to examine the level of realization of HRW, the corresponding state duties, challenges and prospects of the HRW and the impact of the HRW on some selected socio-economic and civil rights. Both primary and secondary data which are collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, key informant interview, household survey, document review, case study and direct field observations were utilized. The study reveals that the core minimum requirements of the three normative contents of the HRW (i.e availability, accessibility and quality) which the state parties are required to achieve immediately are below the standard in the study area. This is because the measures taken by the government in collaboration with civil society have not been successful. The study also reveals that the state as well as non-state actors is involved in the realization of the HRW in the community but the measures taken have not been successful. As a result the HRW for this community become a dream. Lack of water has negative impact on the right to food, work, education, freedom of religion and rights of women and children. There are also measures that are undertaken and planed to be implemented for the realization of HRW. Challenges for the realization out weight its prospects. Therefore, the state should cooperate with civil society and implement a sustainable project on water services and facilities to achieve the core minimum obligation as soon as possible. It should enhance the level of HRW in this community by reducing the challenges and increasing the prospects. The study also reveals that Water, Mineral and Energy Bureau at Woreda level has budget and skilled human power deficiency. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should reconsider budget allocation and supply of technical support to ensure sustainable water supply and facilities for the community. This will result in multi-dimensional improvement in human rights of individuals in the community. Key Words: Human Right to Water, Core Minimum obligation, availability, accessibility, quality and Bedusa Betela Community.
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    The Human Right to Water in Ethiopia: The Case of Badusa Betela Community
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-07) Tekle, Misrak; Jibril, Abdi (PhD)
    This study examines the Human Right to Water (HRW) in Badusa Betela community. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach to examine the level of realization of HRW, the corresponding state duties, challenges and prospects of the HRW and the impact of the HRW on some selected socio-economic and civil rights. Both primary and secondary data which are collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, key informant interview, household survey, document review, case study and direct field observations were utilized. The study reveals that the core minimum requirements of the three normative contents of the HRW (i.e availability, accessibility and quality) which the state parties are required to achieve immediately are below the standard in the study area. This is because the measures taken by the government in collaboration with civil society have not been successful. The study also reveals that the state as well as non-state actors is involved in the realization of the HRW in the community but the measures taken have not been successful. As a result the HRW for this community become a dream. Lack of water has negative impact on the right to food, work, education, freedom of religion and rights of women and children. There are also measures that are undertaken and planed to be implemented for the realization of HRW. Challenges for the realization out weight its prospects. Therefore, the state should cooperate with civil society and implement a sustainable project on water services and facilities to achieve the core minimum obligation as soon as possible. It should enhance the level of HRW in this community by reducing the challenges and increasing the prospects. The study also reveals that Water, Mineral and Energy Bureau at Woreda level has budget and skilled human power deficiency. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should reconsider budget allocation and supply of technical support to ensure sustainable water supply and facilities for the community. This will result in multi-dimensional improvement in human rights of individuals in the community. Key Words: Human Right to Water, Core Minimum obligation, availability, accessibility, quality and Bedusa Betela Community.
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    Women’s Access to Assisted Reproductive Technologies with Special Emphasis on In Vitro Fertilization Services in Addis Ababa: Analyzing Its Implications on Their Reproductive Health and Rights
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-01) Helen Teju; Mizanie Abate
    Infertility poses a significant challenge both globally and in Ethiopia. ARTs, particularly IVF services, provide essential solutions for women facing infertility, empowering them to pursue parenthood. However, many women in Addis Ababa encounter substantial barriers to accessing these services. This paper examines the accessibility of IVF, highlighting the challenges women face in obtaining In Vitro Fertilization services. The research combines doctrinal legal analysis of relevant laws and human rights instruments with a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with health professionals and experts. Key findings reveal significant barriers to accessing IVF in Addis Ababa, including restrictive legal frameworks that limit services to legally married couples and prohibit gamete donation. Additionally, the high costs of treatment and medication, coupled with a lack of financial assistance, present major economic obstacles. Limited information and awareness about ART services, along with social and cultural stigma surrounding infertility, further deter women from seeking help. The concentration of licensed fertility centers primarily in Addis Ababa restricts access for women outside the capital. Restricted access profoundly impacts women's reproductive health and rights, infringing on their ability to form families and make reproductive choices. It negatively affects their psychological well-being, causing distress, shame, and isolation. Moreover, limited access hinders the realization of the right to health and other fundamental human rights. To address these issues, the study recommends tackling financial barriers, improving access to information and awareness, combating stigma, decentralizing services, and revising restrictive legal provisions regarding marital status and gamete donation. These measures aim to enhance equitable access to ART services and strengthen women's reproductive rights in Ethiopia. Ultimately, the study seeks to improve understanding, raise awareness, and inform interventions.