Medical Laboratory Sciences

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Browsing Medical Laboratory Sciences by Subject "Addis Ababa"

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    Assessment of Dialysis Treatment Outcome and Associated factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Attending Selected Governmental Hospitals Dialysis Treatment Center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01) Mebratie,Simegn; Welde,Mistire(MSc, PhD Ass.Prof.); G/Egziabher,Tatek (MSc, PhD Candidet)
    Background: Chronic kidney disease is an advanced loss in kidney function over a period of time. It is identified by higher amount of creatinine and lower glomerular filtration rate. Chronic kidney disease is a growing problem worldwide leading to increasing incidence of life- threatening complications and mortalities. Dialysis treatment is an indication of end stage renal disease in the chronic kidney disease patients. Effective dialysis procedure is reducing renal damage and disease complication. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the effective dialysis treatment and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at selected hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia from April to June 2022. Methods: A Hospital based Cross sectional study was conducted at the three selected hospitals from April to June 2022. Proportion to population size was applied to determine the proportion of participants from the study areas based on the number of chronic kidney disease dialysis patients that attended the hospitals during the study period. During the study, besides to collecting socio-demographic information, history of comorbidity and treatment questionnaires related to risk factor assessment for poor dialysis outcomes were administered. Blood sample were collected and serum creatinine and urea were analyzed and calculated using Cockcroft Gault equation for eGFR. The effectiveness of dialysis was evaluated with URR, Kt/v and eGFR. The collected data was encoded, checked, cleaned and entered in to Microsoft excel software, and then imported to SPSS version 26 software for further statistical analysis. Result: The total study subjects were 102. Of them 65(63.7%) were males and the mean ±SD age of the subject was 38.67 ± 13.06 years with 18-86 years range. The mean ±SD of URR, KT/V and eGFR values were 68.74% ± 20.61, 1.46 ± 0.24 and 25.63± 12.38ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. Assessment of hemodialysis results 64(62.75%) and 75(73.5%) were very good in URR and KT/V respectively. 71(69.6%) were good in eGFR value. Conclusion: The present study indicated that overall evaluation of dialysis treatment conducted at the selected hospitals were very good.
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    Magnitude of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients with Esophageal cancer and apparently healthy individuals, at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a comparative cross-sectional study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Eshetu,Yismu; Desta,Kassu(MSc, PhD candidate); Tsegaye,Aster(MSc, PhD); Abera,Dessie(BSc, MSc,); Nega,Birhanu (MD,Prof.); Mamo,Siyasebwe (MD)
    Background: Helicobacter pylori are Gram-negative bacterium that can cause diverse types of gastrointestinal tract malignancies including esophageal cancer (EC), though evidences regarding EC are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of H. pylori among EC as compared to Healthy individuals. Objective: To investigate the magnitude of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients with esophageal cancer as compared to apparently healthy individuals. Methods: a health facility-based comparative investigation was done from May 2021 to August 2022 cross-sectionally at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Convenient sampling was used to recruit 302 (112 cases and 190 (healthy individuals) participants. Cases of EC were clinically confirmed as well as by Histological Examination. Apparently healthy individuals (staff and attendant) were taken as a comparative group. H. pylori stool antigen as well as serum antibody were measured following standard methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 22. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence interval to describe the association between H. pylori and esophageal cancer with level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: Out of 302 study participants, 52% (157/302) were males and 91.1% (102) were residing outside Addis Ababa. Majority, 74.1 % of EC cases had squamous type tumor and 37.4% were in stage II. The magnitude of H. pylori among Esophageal Cancer Patient were 40.2% (45/112) and 4.2% (8/190) in Healthy individuals. H. pylori infection is more infecting the esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) type 48.3% (14/29) compared to ESCC which is 37.4% (31/83); highest prevalence was noted in Stage IV patients (57.1 %). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, being in the age group 40 years and above (AOR=12.23, 95%CI=4.09- 36.53), living outside Addis Ababa (AOR=18.57, 95%CI=5.76-59.8), attaining primary level education and below (AOR=17.24, 95%CI=5.31-55.96), and being positive for H. pylori stool antigen (AOR=20.13, 95%CI=4.79- 84.62) were significantly associated with EC after controlling for throat illness, taking alcohol, family history of throat illness and consuming hot food. Conclusion; Magnitude of Helicobacter pylori was remarkably high among Esophageal Cancer patients compared to Healthy individuals. Further study is needed and moreover, advocacy of patients on the beneficiary effect of identified factors is one strategy to prevent EC.