Medical Laboratory Sciences

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Browsing Medical Laboratory Sciences by Subject "Addis Ababa"

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    Assessment of Dialysis Treatment Outcome and Associated factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Attending Selected Governmental Hospitals Dialysis Treatment Center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01) Mebratie,Simegn; Welde,Mistire(MSc, PhD Ass.Prof.); G/Egziabher,Tatek (MSc, PhD Candidet)
    Background: Chronic kidney disease is an advanced loss in kidney function over a period of time. It is identified by higher amount of creatinine and lower glomerular filtration rate. Chronic kidney disease is a growing problem worldwide leading to increasing incidence of life- threatening complications and mortalities. Dialysis treatment is an indication of end stage renal disease in the chronic kidney disease patients. Effective dialysis procedure is reducing renal damage and disease complication. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the effective dialysis treatment and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at selected hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia from April to June 2022. Methods: A Hospital based Cross sectional study was conducted at the three selected hospitals from April to June 2022. Proportion to population size was applied to determine the proportion of participants from the study areas based on the number of chronic kidney disease dialysis patients that attended the hospitals during the study period. During the study, besides to collecting socio-demographic information, history of comorbidity and treatment questionnaires related to risk factor assessment for poor dialysis outcomes were administered. Blood sample were collected and serum creatinine and urea were analyzed and calculated using Cockcroft Gault equation for eGFR. The effectiveness of dialysis was evaluated with URR, Kt/v and eGFR. The collected data was encoded, checked, cleaned and entered in to Microsoft excel software, and then imported to SPSS version 26 software for further statistical analysis. Result: The total study subjects were 102. Of them 65(63.7%) were males and the mean ±SD age of the subject was 38.67 ± 13.06 years with 18-86 years range. The mean ±SD of URR, KT/V and eGFR values were 68.74% ± 20.61, 1.46 ± 0.24 and 25.63± 12.38ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. Assessment of hemodialysis results 64(62.75%) and 75(73.5%) were very good in URR and KT/V respectively. 71(69.6%) were good in eGFR value. Conclusion: The present study indicated that overall evaluation of dialysis treatment conducted at the selected hospitals were very good.
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    Evaluation of Retention Mechanism of Medical Laboratory Professionals and Associated Factors in Selected Public Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01) Garedew,Andnet; Hassen,Fatuma(PhD Candidate); Sisay,Abay( PhD Fellow)
    Background: Retention of clinical laboratory professionals is the action of public health system to encourage employees to stay and maximize their period of employment in the health facilities. This can be done via different policies and practices which let the employees stay for a longer period in an organization. Evaluating retention strategies in the public health facilities and studying the corresponding determinants steps forward to retain these professionals in their current position. Objective: To assess the retention mechanisms of clinical laboratory professionals and associated factors in selected public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2022 Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed among 36 selected health facilities 282 medical laboratory professionals using quantitative data collection and additional 36 one of the three staff (medical directors, CEOs, and human resource managers) for qualitative approaches from January 01-March 31, 2022.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The quantitative data was coded, entered, and cleaned; using SPSS version 20 statistical packages such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used. The qualitative data from the in-depth interview was categorized and discussed thematically. Binary logistic regression was also employed to identify significant factors which affect the retention of medical laboratory professionals in public health facilities of Addis Ababa Results: The finding of the study revealed that only 30.5% of the respondents were willing to stay in their current position in the public health facilities of Addis Ababa. About 196 (69.5%) of the respondents were seemed to leave their job if they get some more benefits from other companies. Positive and significant Pearson correlation coefficients between the medical laboratory professionals‟ retention and the independent variables were founded. The findings from the binary logistic model also revealed that salary and benefits, job satisfaction, professional development, training and working environment have significant effect on the retention of medical laboratory professionals. Conclusion: The results obtained from the quantitative analysis revealed that there is a low rate of retention of the medical laboratory professionals in public health facilities of Addis Ababa. It can also be concluded that working on salaries and benefits, employees job satisfaction, professional development and, training and working environment can retain the clinical laboratory professionals in their current position in the public health facilities.
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    Magnitude of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients with Esophageal cancer and apparently healthy individuals, at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a comparative cross-sectional study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Eshetu,Yismu; Desta,Kassu(MSc, PhD candidate); Tsegaye,Aster(MSc, PhD); Abera,Dessie(BSc, MSc,); Nega,Birhanu (MD,Prof.); Mamo,Siyasebwe (MD)
    Background: Helicobacter pylori are Gram-negative bacterium that can cause diverse types of gastrointestinal tract malignancies including esophageal cancer (EC), though evidences regarding EC are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of H. pylori among EC as compared to Healthy individuals. Objective: To investigate the magnitude of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients with esophageal cancer as compared to apparently healthy individuals. Methods: a health facility-based comparative investigation was done from May 2021 to August 2022 cross-sectionally at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Convenient sampling was used to recruit 302 (112 cases and 190 (healthy individuals) participants. Cases of EC were clinically confirmed as well as by Histological Examination. Apparently healthy individuals (staff and attendant) were taken as a comparative group. H. pylori stool antigen as well as serum antibody were measured following standard methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 22. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence interval to describe the association between H. pylori and esophageal cancer with level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: Out of 302 study participants, 52% (157/302) were males and 91.1% (102) were residing outside Addis Ababa. Majority, 74.1 % of EC cases had squamous type tumor and 37.4% were in stage II. The magnitude of H. pylori among Esophageal Cancer Patient were 40.2% (45/112) and 4.2% (8/190) in Healthy individuals. H. pylori infection is more infecting the esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) type 48.3% (14/29) compared to ESCC which is 37.4% (31/83); highest prevalence was noted in Stage IV patients (57.1 %). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, being in the age group 40 years and above (AOR=12.23, 95%CI=4.09- 36.53), living outside Addis Ababa (AOR=18.57, 95%CI=5.76-59.8), attaining primary level education and below (AOR=17.24, 95%CI=5.31-55.96), and being positive for H. pylori stool antigen (AOR=20.13, 95%CI=4.79- 84.62) were significantly associated with EC after controlling for throat illness, taking alcohol, family history of throat illness and consuming hot food. Conclusion; Magnitude of Helicobacter pylori was remarkably high among Esophageal Cancer patients compared to Healthy individuals. Further study is needed and moreover, advocacy of patients on the beneficiary effect of identified factors is one strategy to prevent EC.
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    Opportunities and Challenges of Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Public Health Facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024- A Qualitative Study from Female Sex Workers And Service Providers Perspective
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-15) Estela Abera; Endalew Gemechu
    Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the administration of antiretroviral (ART) drugs to HIV negative individuals who are at high risk of acquisition of the virus which is a prevention strategy to minimize the new incidence of HIV among key populations like Female sex workers (FSWs). PrEP reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99% when taken as prescribed. However, FSWs face significant challenges in utilizing this intervention but this condition is not explored in Ethiopia
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    Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Sexually Transmitted Infection Syndromic Diagnosed Patients Attending at Selected Government Health Facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Unvirsity, 0204-05-12) Beyene Demi; Mistire Wolde
    Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are among the main public health concerns in the world and are serious infectious diseases. In the first 6 months, the most infections with that viral hepatitis have no symptoms; therefore, diagnosis of the virus in the early stage is difficult. Syndromic approach for management is widely used to control and reduce the burden of sexually transmissible diseases; however the magnitude of viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections is still underreported in Ethiopia among sexually transmitted syndromic diagnosed patients