Magnitude of Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Patients with Esophageal Cancer and Apparently Healthy Individuals, at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori are Gram-negative bacterium that can cause diverse types ofgastrointestinal tract malignancies including esophageal cancer (EC), though evidences regardingEC are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of H. pylori among EC ascompared to Healthy individuals.
Objective: To investigate the magnitude of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients with esophageal cancer as compared to apparently healthy individuals.
Methods: a health facility-based comparative investigation was done from May 2021 to August2022 cross-sectionally at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Convenient sampling was used torecruit 302 (112 cases and 190 (healthy individuals) participants. Cases of EC were clinicallyconfirmed as well as by Histological Examination. Apparently healthy individuals (staff andattendant) were taken as a comparative group. H. pylori stool antigen as well as serum antibodywere measured following standard methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 22.Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence interval to describe the association between H.pylori and esophageal cancer with level of significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Out of 302 study participants, 52% (157/302) were males and 91.1% (102) wereresiding outside Addis Ababa. Majority, 74.1 % of EC cases had squamous type tumor and37.4% were in stage II. The magnitude of H. pylori among Esophageal Cancer Patient were40.2% (45/112) and 4.2% (8/190) in Healthy individuals. H. pylori infection is more infectingthe esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) type 48.3% (14/29) compared to ESCC which is 37.4%(31/83); highest prevalence was noted in Stage IV patients (57.1 %). In the multivariable logisticregression analysis, being in the age group 40 years and above (AOR=12.23, 95%CI=4.09-36.53), living outside Addis Ababa (AOR=18.57, 95%CI=5.76-59.8), attaining primary leveleducation and below (AOR=17.24, 95%CI=5.31-55.96), and being positive for H. pylori stoolantigen (AOR=20.13, 95%CI=4.79- 84.62) were significantly associated with EC aftercontrolling for throat illness, taking alcohol, family history of throat illness and consuming hotfood. Conclusion; Magnitude of Helicobacter pylori was remarkably high among EsophagealCancer patients compared to Healthy individuals. Further study is needed and moreover,advocacy of patients on the beneficiary effect of identified factors is one strategy to prevent EC.
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H. pylori EC Adenocarcinoma SCC MagnitudeAddis AbabaEthiopia.