Browsing by Author "Zelalem Getnet"

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    Analyzing first Cycle Primary School Textbooks for Diversity Contents: Its Implication For A Multicultural Reform The Case of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Zelalem Getnet ; Getachew Sahilemariam
    This study analyzed selection of primary school first cycle Amharic and Social Studies textbooks for grades 1–4 published in Addis Ababa Administrative Region by means of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of text and illustrations in order to analyze their contribution to social cohesion. The purposes of this research were to determine, whether textbook contents reflect the multiethnic nature of the society, and if multiculturalism’s principles are observed, i.e. if diversity issues are infused into textbook contents and, if textbooks effectively contextualize and exploit diversity and multicultural concerns. Measurable categories were developed for the analysis based on existing literature. The findings of the study indicated that textbook contents most portray groups whose ethnic and cultural background is Undeterminable (Common). Next to the Common/Undeterminable ethnic category, the Amhara and the Tigraway ethnic groups are highly visible where as the Oromo and the Gurage are sometimes found to be underrepresented. Other ethnic groups are very insignificantly mentioned in the contents of both Amharic and Social Studies textbooks. It was also found out that the number of pages devoted to diversity and multicultural concerns is very insignificant as compared to the total pages contained in textbooks and that most contents discussing diversity and multicultural issues are segregated to specific chapters and subchapters. The study also revealed that major diversity and multicultural issues are poorly contextualized and inefficiently exploited.
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    Incidence and Associated Factors of Early Postoperative hypoxia Among Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-04-23) Zelalem Getnet; Birhane Tesfay
    Hypoxia refers to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Any cause that influences the rate, volume of air entering the lungs (ventilation) or any cause that influences the transfer of air from the lungs to the blood may cause hypoxia. Hypoxia is a major complication in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) which is also the leading cause of anesthesia-associated mortality and morbidity. And there are few studies done to determine incidence and associated factors of early postoperative hypoxa in our country for which this study will be additional input in understanding the burden of the problem and its associated factors. Objectives: To assess the incidence of early postoperative hypoxia and associated risk factors. Methods: Institutional-based prospective observational study design was conducted from January 2022 – March 2023. A single population formula was used to estimate the sample size .Data was collected by anesthesiology residents and anesthetists preoperative and intraoperatively and by PACU nurses postoperatively. The collected data was verified, entered coded cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Multiple regression was applied to identify the determinant factors and association declared at p value<0.05. Result: The incidence of early postoperative hypoxia is found to be 32%. Participant whose age ≥50 years (AOR=2.4, 95%CI=1.22, 4.83), BMI 25-24.9 and 30-39.9 (AOR=7.5, AOR=1.78, 31.29 & AOR=15.8, 95%CI=2.90, 86.31 respectively), anesthesia duration taking more than 2 hrs ( AOR=4.3, 95%CI=2.04, 9.24) and estimated blood loss >500ml (AOR=5.2, 9%CI=2.04, 13.46) likely of develop early postoperative hypoxia. Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence of early postoperative hypoxia is significant and knowing the magnitude and paying attention to relevant predictive factors will help the clinician make better clinical decisions to ensure patient safety and postoperative recovery