Browsing by Author "Tesfaye Bekele"

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    Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Borana and Guji Lowlands, Southern Ethiopia
    (2008-06) Tesfaye Bekele; Yilkal Asfaw
    A multistage cross sectional serological study, questionnaire survey and participatory appraisal were conducted on contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) from October, 2007 to April, 2008 in Borana and Guji lowlands, Southern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of the disease, to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of the disease and to assess the perception of the community on CCPP in particular and other goat diseases in general. A total of 951 serum samples (900 from goats and 51 from sheep) were collected and tested using Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Questionnaire surveys were conducted with 69 randomly selected households. Participatory disease appraisal was done with 12 informant groups in 12 different villages, the group size varying from 5-12 informants and with a total of 120 informants. Out of the 900 goat sera samples tested, 119 (13.2%) were seropositive for CCPP, giving an overall seroprevalence of 13.2 % (95%CI=11.0%-15.4%) in the study areas. A seroprevalence of 18.3% (95% CI=14.3%-22.7%), 11.7% (95% CI=8%-15.2%) and 9.7% (95% CI=6.3%-12.6%) were recorded in Liban, Teltale and Moyale Districts, respectively. The seroprevalence recorded among the districts was significantly different (p<0.05). The seroprevalence recorded in Liban district was significantly different from that of Moyale District (p<0.05). Moreover, out of 51 sheep samples tested, 3 (5.9%) were seropositive. Statistical analysis on the assumed risk factors showed that the seroprevalence observed in age groups, flock size groups and distance from veterinary service centre were found to be significantly different (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the assumed risk factors showed that age, flock size and distance from veterinary service centre were the major risk factors for the occurrence of the disease in the area with Odds ratios of 2.18 (95% CI=1.64-2.91), 1.59 (95% CI=1.11-2.29) and 1.43 (95% CI=1.03-1.98), respectively. Contact at watering points, restocking, lack of veterinary service, and large flock size were identified to be the major factors for the spread and occurrence of the disease in the area. Participatory disease appraisal has indicated that the community has good knowledge about contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and other goat diseases, implying that the indigenous knowledge of the pastoral community could be used complementarily with the conventional disease investigation technique in the area. In conclusion, the serological findings, questionnaire survey and participatory appraisal have indicated that contagious caprine pleuropneumonia was XIV the top major goat health problem in the area which warrants appropriate measures to be in place towards the prevention and control of the disease in the study areas.
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    Seroprevalence of Contagiuos Caprine Pleuropnemonia in Borana and Gujilow Lands Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Tesfaye Bekele; Asfaw Yilkal
    A multi tage cr s were ti nal erologicul study, que Ii nrHllr survcy and particip I ry apprai al nducted n c ntagiou caprinc plcuropn umonia ( 'PI' fr m 200 orana and r. 2 07 to uji 10\.\land , .'outh rn i-:.thiopiu. to determin the pn.:valcn pril, of th id ntif) the ri k fact rs for the curren e of the di. ca ' and t a s th p~rception of the c mmunity on PP in parti ular and th r goat di . sampl 900 from goats and 51 from h ep) were e in general. t tal f 951 erum lIe ted and te ted u mg omplem nt Fixati n Te t ( FT). Que tionnaire ur ey were condu ted with 69 rand mly hou ehold . Participatory di ea I cted apprai al wa d ne \\ ith 12 in~ rmant gr up ' in 12 differ nt village th group size varying fr m 5-12 informant and with a t tal f 120 in~ rmant. ut of the 900 goat sera samples te ted 119 (13.2%) w re erop iti\e for PP, giving an overall seroprevalence of 13.2 % (95% I 11.0%-15.4%) in th tudyarea. r pr ",alence of 18.3% (95% 1=14.3%-22.7%), 11.6% (95% 1- 8%-15.2%) and 9.6% (950 /0 I 6. %-12.6% w re recorded in Liban, Teltale and Moyale District, re p ctively. h among the district was significantly difD rent (p
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    Tax Audit in Oromia Revenue Authority: Practices and Challenges
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-01) Tesfaye Bekele; Wollela Abehodie
    The major objective of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of tax audit in Oromia Revenue Authority. The study employed mixed research method where survey design and in-depth interviews were employed. Survey was conducted with selected taxpayers and tax auditors working at Oromia Revenue Authority. Actual sample size achieved was 213 (94.25%) for taxpayers' survey and 32 (96.97%) for tax auditors survey. In addition in-depth interviews were conducted with Deputy Head, Tax Audit Director and Tax Auditors Coordinator of Oromia Revenue Authority. Results of the study reveal that the practices to achieve ultimate Goals of Tax Audit was found at moderate level; Tax Auditors of the Office do not make sufficient efforts to create Taxpayers’ awareness; they usually focus on gathering and collecting information on health of the Tax system including compliance behavior of the Taxpayers, the Office did not proportionally focus on all types of Tax Audit techniques; most of the time Tax Audit activities were done without schedules, and carried out arbitrarily. Overall the practices of Tax audit at Head Office level of the Region was poorly practiced. The finding further indicated that, majority of Tax Auditors were assigned to their current jobs through internal transfer; the number of newly employed Tax Auditors accounts only 6.25% of all Tax Auditors; they did not attended training programs related to their current job during the past two years of their services at the Office. Yet, the results of this study revealed that, there is no well-established strategies that make Tax Auditors competent and efficient on their job through training on continuous bases. As a result, proficiency and competency level of Tax Auditors’was found at moderate levels. Concerning challenges that influence the practices of Tax Audit; factors related with Traditions of Corruption, inflated estimation of tax amount; not responding the compliance of Taxpayers on time; Taxpayers consideration of illegal business practices as best way of doing business; and absences of coordinated efforts among sector offices of the region engaged on Tax audit related responsibilities were identified as the most sever hallenges. Key recommendations of the study include: offering training; assigning competent Tax Auditors, integrating sector offices’ efforts, developing and using annual schedule of auditing for Taxpayers business firm, and arranging annual forum.