Browsing by Author "Tesfaw, Dejen (PhD)"

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    Determinants of Severity of Illness in Patients With COVID-19 the Case of Eka Kottebe General Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06-08) Worku, Mamo; Tesfaw, Dejen (PhD)
    Corona virus is a zoonotic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. It believed that the virus jumped the species barrier to humans from another intermediate animal host. An outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province; China on 31 December 2019. The aim of this study was to identify determinant factors of illness severity in patients with COVID-19 in Eka Kotebe general hospital COVID-19 treatment center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To analysis the data considered in this study descriptive statistics, chi-square test and stereotype ordinal logistic regression model used for data analysis. The descriptive statistics is used to summarize the data using numbers and percent and the chi-square test is used to test the association between the dependent and independent variables. The stereotype ordinal logistic regression model is also used to identify the determinant of illness severity in patients with COVID-19. Out of the total patients considered in the study (N=454), about 240 (52.86%), 60 (13.22%), 106 (23.35%) and 48 (10.57%) patients were at mild, moderate, sever and critical stage, respectively. Moreover, using chi-square test the independent variables like sex, presence of symptom, fever, headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, general weakness, cough, co-morbid, diabetes mullets and hypertension had a significant association with severity of illness at 5% level of significant. The proportional odds model were considered as a candidate model to fit the data but as the assumption of parallelism was violated, the model was not adequate to fit the data. Thus, stereotype ordinal logistic regression model were fitted as the constraints ensure the outcome variable is ordinal. The stereotype ordinal logistic regression result shows that sex, age, presence of symptom, shortness of breath, general weakness and having co-morbidity had statistically significant effect on the severity of illness in COVID-19 patients.
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    Survival Analysis of Hiv/Aids Patients on Anti-Retro Viral Therapy and Progression of Hiv/Aids Disease: the Case of Alert Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) Ebrahim, Fatuma; Tesfaw, Dejen (PhD)
    HIV is a virus that causes AIDS which attacks and destroys certain types of white blood cells that are essential to body's immune system, the biological ability of the human body to _ght infections. The main objective of the study was to identify the factors that a_ect the survival time of HIV/AIDS patients and progression of HIV/AIDS disease of an individual patient under ART follow-up. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 729 HIV/AIDS pa- tients who enrolled anti-retro viral therapy from September 2013 to August 2017 at ALERT hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Kaplan-Meier plots and Log-Rank test were used to compare the survival experience of di_erent cat- egories and semi-parametric survival model and AFT models were employed to identify survival time of the patients. Semi-markov model also employed to identify the progression of the diseases. From 729 patients, 86(11.8%) died in the follow-up period. Log-logistic AFT model is better _t the data then other AFT models. The result of this model shows that the survival time of HIV patients under HAART signi_cantly a_ected by functional sta- tus, clinical stage, adherence level, CD4 count, weight and BMI. The result of homogeneous semi-Markov model suggest that at the time increase, the probability to remain in the same state is decreasing while the probability of the patient transiting to a next worse state is increasing.
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    Survival Analysis of Time to Uptake of Modern Contraceptive among Women in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-10-27) Addisu, Shibabaw; Tesfaw, Dejen (PhD)
    Contraceptive methods are one of the most important health interventions of the 21st century is crucial in reducing rapid population growth and improving women and family health. Contraceptive methods have now become a worldwide issue in general and developing countries in particular. The study was used to identify the factors associated with time to use of modern contraceptive methods among women in Ethiopia. The data used for the study were based on EDHS (2016) obtained from CSA. The Kaplan-Meier survival function and Log-Rank test were used to describe and compare the survival experience of different category of participants. In order to identify the associated risk factors of time to use modern contraceptive methods parametric survival model with frailty was employed and compared by using AIC and log-likelihood ratio test. The result of the study shows that from a total of 7,890 women, about 1,061(13.45%) used modern contraceptive methods while 6829 (86.55%) didn’t use modern contraceptive methods. Among the fitted frailty models, Weibull regression survival model with Gamma frailty model was an appropriate fit of time to use modern contraceptive methods. Compared to the none frailty survival models the estimated frailty model which accounts for unobservable regional heterogeneity were more appropriate to fit time to use modern contraceptive method among the regions of Ethiopia. Furthermore, using the selected frailty model results, the independent variables age, place of residence, wealth index, educational status and awareness information from TV were identified as risk factors associated with time to use modern contraceptive method at 5% level of significance.