Browsing by Author "Tefera, Worku(PhD)"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Management and Its Determinants among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study in School Adolescent Girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2017-06) Biruk, Ephrem; Tefera, Worku(PhD)
    Introduction: Menstrual hygiene management is essentially dealing with menstrual flow and also in continuing regular activities like going to school, working etc. However, menstruation can place significant obstacles in girls’ access to health, education and future prospects if they are not equipped for effective menstrual hygiene management. Objective: To assess the menstrual hygiene management and its determinant among adolescent girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design with quantitative method was carried out among 770 systematically selected adolescent school girls of Addis Ababa from April 1 to May 5, 2017. A self-administered pre-test close ended Amharic questionnaire at school setting was used for data collection. The coding was done using the original English version and entered to EPI-7 software. The quantitative file exported to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 software for analysis. Total mean score was used to categorize individuals as good and poor while AOR; 95% CI with p < 0.05 was used to determine factors of menstrual hygiene management practice. Result: This study had 98% response rate. Five hundred thirty (70.1%) and 388(51.3%) respondents had good knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene respectively. The findings also showed a significant positive association between good knowledge of menstrual hygiene management and girls from mother’s whose education were secondary (AOR = 10.012, 95 % CI = 3.628-27.629). Fifth wealth index quantile (AOR = 9.038, 95 % CI = 3.728-21.909) revealed significant positive association with good practice of menstrual hygiene. Conclusion and recommendation Majority of participants had good knowledge of menstrual hygiene and majority of them were from private school. Although knowledge was better than practice, girls should be educated about the process, use of proper pads or absorbents and its proper disposal. Key Words: practices of menstrual hygiene, Menstrual knowledge, adolescent girl, Sanitary napkins, Menarche, school health.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Occupational Skin Diseases and Associated Factorsamong Tannery Workers, of Selected Tanneries, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-06) Seyoum, Dejene; Tefera, Worku(PhD)
    Background: More than 500,000 people are working in tanneries around the world. Work related accidents and diseases continue to have series consequence, with an estimated 2.3 million fatalities per year and economic losses of 4% of global gross domestic product. The modern tanning industry in Ethiopia was started in 1920s. There are 26 tanneries and together they employ 4577persons in the country. Employment in tannery industries has been associated with various diseases caused by biological, toxicological, and carcinogenic agents. Objectives:The objective of this study was assessing prevalence of occupational skin diseases and its associated factor among tannery workers of selected tanneries of Addis Ababa. Methods:An institutional based cross sectional study was done from October 2013 to May 2014 to assess prevalence of occupational skin diseases symptoms of tannery workers. Random samples of 311 workers were drawn from different section of 3 selected tanneries for health survey. Data was collected through structured questionnaire, and observational check lists. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and observational check lists. Data was entered into Epi Info version 3.5.4 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate analysis was done by logistic regression model then variables which showed statistically significant association at P<0.05 were run for multiple logistic regressions to see the relative effect of independent variables by controlling for potential confounders. Difference was considered to be significant, at p-value less than 0.05 (p<0.05). ResultMale workers take the majority (70.1%) of employees of tannery industries. Nearly 34% (n=103) of leather tanners reported dermatological diseases symptoms such as eczema, rashes, and burning sensation along with complaints of itching. Among workers who had reported occupational skin diseases 32.57% were affected on their hands and 21.4% were affected on their face. Reported occupational skin diseases were high among beam house workers i.e.odds ratio of reporting skin disease is 88.5% lower among Crust room workers and 87.2% lower among finishingroom workers compared to beam house workers. Odds of developing skin disease problems are twice more among workers who got safety training than who didn’t (OR= 2.442: 95%, CI (1.33-4.45)). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prevalence of occupational skin diseases is high in this population of tannery workers. Workers Working in Beam house and Retanning & Dying section are affected more than others. This high prevalence of occupational skin diseases could result from: lack of occupational safetytraining, and poor concepts on utilization of personal protective devices in working environment.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Sanitary Condition of Food Catering Establishments in Addis Ketema sub- City, Addis Ababa City Administration
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-06) Gurmu, Endalkachew; Tefera, Worku(PhD)
    Background: Food borne illnesses are prevalent in all parts of the world. However, number of related problems keep food borne diseases at high levels within the African Region, the root cause is poverty, which exacerbates food safety problems in many ways and contributes to unsanitary conditions in rapidly growing urban centers, lack of access to clean water, unhygienic transportation and storage of foods. Just like many other African countries, food borne illnesses are prevalent in Ethiopia and the loss of human life and suffering is enormous. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the sanitary condition of food catering establishment in Addis Ketema Sub-City, Addis Ababa City Administration. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2014 at different Food catering establishments in Addis Ababa city Administration Addis Ketema Sub-City selected by using Stratified random sampling method followed by population proportion to size allocation. Three hundred fifty two establishments were enrolled in this study. Microbiological tests of food utensils were conducted using standard laboratory procedures. The collected data was cleaned and entered by developing a template using Epi info 3.5.3 and the sanitary condition of food catering establishments were analyzed by using SPSS version 16 Software. Results: Latrine facilities were available in 297 (84.6%) catering food establishments. However, the toilets were not separately constructed from kitchen room. 234 (66.7%) of the kitchens had access to running tap water inside the facility. Conventional types of sinks fixed with running tap water were available in 245(69.8%) of the catering food establishments. Of the examined food utensils for bacteriologic content. Staphylococcus aureus were found in 14(36.8%), Escherichia Coli in 6 (15.8%) and 4(10.5%) Shigella species were found from the swabbed utensils Conclusion and recommendation: The sanitary condition of catering food establishments in the study area were found to have poor sanitation and were not fulfil the requirements of catering food establishments. Appropriate regular inspection of food catering establishment should be strengthening by regulatory body Sub-City and Woreda health to the fulfilment of catering food establishments to acceptable sanitary conditions. Keywords: Catering, Sanitary condition, Hygienic requirements, Swab test
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of the Sanitary Conditions of Catering Establishments and Food Safety Knowledge and Practices of Food Handlers in Addis Ababa University Students’ Cafeteria
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2013-08) Meleko, Asrat; Tefera, Worku(PhD)
    Background: Every institution which provides food for a large group of consumers has the responsibility to keep the safety and wholesomeness of food otherwise it will result outbreaks of food borne illness. The most identified contributing factors of food borne illness in mass catering establishments were cross contamination, dirty work environment and poor personal hygiene practice by food handlers Objective: The objective of this study was assessment of the sanitary conditions of catering establishments and food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers in Addis Ababa University students’ cafeterias Methods: A cross-sectional study complemented with qualitative method was conducted from January, 2013 to May, 2013. A total of 12 student catering establishments from 7 campuses were studied for sanitary condition of premises and a total of 302 food handlers were assessed for knowledge and practice status. For data collection questionnaires and appropriate checklists were used. Bacteriological examination was made from all catering premises following appropriate standard procedures. The data was entered by using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 and cleaned before transferring to SPSS version 16 statistical packages which was used for data management and analysis. Results: Majority, 212(70.2%), of food handlers were females and their median age were 29. Among the 302 subjects, 197 (65.2%) of them had food hygiene training. All, 302 (100%), of food handlers were literate and 283 (93.7%) of them had adequate knowledge of food borne diseases. Twelve of premises had a clean wall and ceiling in their kitchen and dining rooms. Similarly all premises had openable window, adequate light and adequate ventilation. E. coli were not identified at all and in 1 (2.8%) of swabbed utensils S. aureus were identified. Overall practice scores revealed that 52.3% of food handlers had a poor food handling practice. Conclusion and recommendation: This study revealed that the repair and sanitary conditions of premises were in a good condition. Nearly half of food handlers had a poor food handling practice. According to the swab result the dish washing activity was effective. Provision of training and basic sanitary facilities by management is recommended as improvement measure. Keywords: Sanitary condition, Food handlers, Food safety, Food handling Practices, Food utensils, swab tes