Browsing by Author "Tadesse, Beyene"

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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Towards Antenatal Exercise And Its Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care At Health Centers In Kirkos Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Tadesse, Beyene; Abebe, Mesfin (Asst. Professor,MSc,BSc)
    Background: Being physical inactivity during pregnancy increases the risks of pregnancy related complication. Consequently, around 830 thousand of pregnant women were pass way every day worldwide. However, having adequate knowledge helps to do physical exercise during pregnancy in order to avoid these pathologies and its sequel later in life. Therefore, this aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, practice to wards antenatal exercise and its associated factor among pregnant women attending antenatal care at health centers in Kirkos sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. Methodology: A Health facility based cross-sectional quantitative study design was employed and 355 of participant were invited to interview and got 100 % response rate. It studied from March 6-April 24, 2018. Data entered into a computer using Epi data version 4.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 2. Binary and multivariate logistic-regressions were used to identify possible predictors. And OR and 95% CI were used to measure strength of associations at p-value of <0.05. Result: About 56.6% and 52.1% pregnant women were not knowledgeable and had positive attitudes about antenatal exercise respectively. In addition, 24.8% practiced antenatal exercise. Significant associations was found between knowledge of antenatal exercise and better schooling like college with AOR= [2.85, 95% CI (1.38, 5.91), P=0.005]. Pregnant who was knowledgeable about antenatal exercise were more likely to have favorable attitude and practiced antenatal exercise with AOR= [5.65, 95% CI (3.26, 9.80), p=0.000] and AOR= [3.76, 95%CI (1.68, 8.45), P=0.001] respectively. Moreover, experience of physical exercise before pregnancy was found a significant influence on practice with AOR= [0.42, 95%CI (0.211, 0.84), P = 0.014] Conclusion: This study indicated majority of the participant were not knowledgeable and more than half had positive attitude about antenatal exercise and level of practice of antenatal exercise is very low. Therefore, health care providers and other respective bodies should be creating awareness on actual benefits of Antenatal exercise to prevent pregnancy-related complication.
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    The Impact of Agricultural Extension on Maize Production: A Case Study of Sasakawa Global-2000 Extension Project in Bako Area
    (A.A.U, 1998-06) Tadesse, Beyene; Admassie, Assefa (Dr.)
    The SG 2000 extension project has been disseminating improved maize technologies, among others, to achieve its objective of improving farm productivity and thereby increasing food grain production. However, the SG 2000 project may not be special to weakness and constraints that the previous extension approaches were faced with. Thus, this thesis has attempted to identify determinants of extension participation, and to evaluate the impact of the SG 2000 extension project on maize production by examining the level of awareness, adoption, and the increment in productivity and profitability attained using the improved maize production in the Bako area. The Probit model and the Two-Stage Switching Regression approach were employed in the analysis using data collected from 225 sample farm households. ~ It has been found out that proximity to the main road, number of oxen owned, total farm size owned, education level of the household head and availability of credit for down payment significantly affected farms decision to participate in the SG 2000 extension activities significantly high number of both the extension participant and non- participant sample farmers have been aware of the improved maize technologies. However, while almost all the sample extension participating farmers adopted the improved maize technologies, only 10% of the sample non-extension participating farmers adopted. The analysis showed that using the improved maize technologies is much more productive as indicated by the higher elasticity coefficients and the marginal products of the inputs. The increment in productivity (gross benefit) resulted from the extension program has been estimated to be 37. 25 quintals of grain maize per hectare. Considering different scenarios of cost for the improved practices the net benefit for the SG ranges from 726.46 to 1267.48 Birr per hectare, and accordingly the MRR ranges from 36% to 213%. On the other hand, the net benefit for the NSG from the traditional practices is only 385.60 Birr per hectare. Nevertheless, many technical and policy problems have been identified affecting the sustainability of the adoption and the incremental productivity of the improved maize technologies. Therefore, the use of the improved maize technologies and the net benefit exhibited by the adopters may be for the short-run and lo may be limited to benefit only few farmers. Thus, the challenge remains with how to accelerate the adoption and maintain the productivity level of the improved maize technologies on a sustainable base. In this regard, subsidizing and facilitating credit services, output price support, encouraging intra-regional trade, improving input supply, promoting the development of infrastructure and encouraging further research to develop streams of improved seeds are suggested.
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    Impact of Household Extension Package on Food Security and Income of the Rural Households in Tigray: The Case of Kilte Awlaelo Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Gebretsadik, Tsegu; Tadesse, Beyene
    The study is conducted in three tabias of Kilte Awlaelo Wereda, Tigray Region, to assess the impact of the household extension package on food security and income level of the beneficiary households. Data were collected by interviewing 120 sample households (55 package beneficiaries and 65 non beneficiaries) and from secondary sources. The quantitative assessment was supplemented by qualitative data collected from the sample households and different community members. Simple descriptive analysis was made usingSPSS software. The study results show that the package beneficiaries have achieved relatively better food security and income levels as compared to the non-beneficiaries. The introduction of integrated household package increased crop output by one quintal per hectare and an average net income of birr 482 per household. The available kilocalorie per person per day from own production was found to be 1,485 for the package beneficiaries and 1,066 for the non-beneficiaries. As compared to the national standard, 2200 kilocalorie per adult equivalent per day, package beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries fulfill only 68% and 48.5% respectively. Thus, although there is improvement in production and income of the beneficiaries, own production is not sufficient to uplift the food insecure households. In addition to own production, households in the study area were participating in "Food For Work" activities through the Safety Net Program .. Consequently, the total calorie available to the package beneficiaries raised by 889 kilocalorie per person per day and that of the non- beneficiaries by 401 kilocalorie per person per day. Average income per person per year was also increased by birr 206 and 178 for the package beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. Therefore, the results show that, on average, the package beneficiaries seem to fulfill their minimum calorie requirement and able to earn 67% of their daily income requirement from all sources. The food calorie available to and income of the package beneficiaries exceeded from that of the non-beneficiary by 41 % and 18% respectively. However, in absolute terms there are households who could not s till even cover a quarter of their calorie intake and income requirement. Moreover, the study findings indicate that the problems attributed to low fann outputs and consequently to food insecurity and poverty are mainly associated with low application of production enhancing technologies, dependency on unreliable and erratic rainfall and small land holding size. The reasons for low application of technological inputs were shortage of supply of improved seed varieties and animal breeds, and the escalating price of fertilizer and shortage of rainfall. The land holding is also too small to enable households to lead their life and 2 .5% of the households were landless. Therefore, improving supply of better yielding and drought tolerant crop varieties, impro ving livestock p ackages, vigorous development and expansion of inigation, and creation and expansion of non-fann employment opportunities are possible areas of inte rvention to improve food insecurity and to reduce poverty in Kilte Awlaelo We