Browsing by Author "Sisay, Birhan"

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    Factors Affecting the Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in North Eastern Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Sisay, Birhan; Senbeta, Feyera (PhD)
    In the past, various soil and water conservation practices were introduced and implemented in Ethiopia. Still, those technologies failed to get acceptance of the land users because of their limitations and constraints. Thus, identification of constraints in relation to the adoption of soil and water conservation practices is of paramount importance. The study was undertaken in Meket Woreda of North Eastern Ethiopia, ANRS. The data were collected from 105 farmers residing in 4 Kebeles that are randomly selected from 35 rural Kebeles 'where soil and water technologies have been introduced and widely implemented. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used to have reliable information. The basic data used for this study were collected FOn! sample households, focus group participants and key informants through structured questionnaire and semi-structured checklists. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic model were employed to assess and identifY the factors that determine adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Both indigenous and improved SWC measures are practicing in the study area. About 64.8% of the sampledfarmers were adopters and 35.2% were non-adopters ofSWC measures. Demographic, socio-economic and institutional factors influence the investment of households commit to soil and water conservation measures. The result of the model shows that the explanatory variables: farmers' level of perception on soil erosion, farmers experience in farming and extension service given by development agents increases the likelihood of adoption of soil and water conservation practices measures by the farmers. On the other hand, involvement in off-farm activities has a negative and significant influence on the adoption of soil and water conservation activities in the study area. In order to improve SWC practices; policy makers, extension experts and development agents should give due attention for those significant variables that determine farmers ' adoption of SWC measures.
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    Poverty, Vulnerability and Resilience in Rural Ethiopia: Forward-looking Empirical Analyses for More Effective Policy Interventions
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Sisay, Birhan; Seyoum, Abrham (PhD)
    This dissertation investigates the state and determinants of poverty, vulnerability and resilience in rural Ethiopia during 2012-2016 using the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey data. For analysis, the study employed fixed effect model, feasible generalized least square model, factor analysis, structural equation modelling and multivariate probit model to assess the determinants of poverty, vulnerability, resilience capacity dimensions, resilience capacity and coping strategies respectively. The result indicated that poverty and vulnerability are dynamic and prevalent. The observed poverty rate in 2012, 2014 and 2016 are 30%, 36% and 43% respectively. The vulnerability rate also follows in an increasing pattern with 50%, 59%, and 62.4% in 2012, 2014 and 2016 respectively. While education of members, income diversification and distance to market centers are the determinants of both poverty and vulnerability; age, sex and education of head, working household members, social capital, distance to main roads and midland agro ecological location are factors symptomatic to vulnerability only. The study also indicated a difference in resilience capacity & its dimensions over time (2014 was higher than 2012 & 2016). Adaptive capacity and assets are very important dimensions of resilience capacity. Moreover, the study revealed savings; livestock sales; and spiritual help as major coping strategies as well as the type of shocks households faced, literacy, oxen ownership and regional locations as determining factors for households’ choice a particular coping strategy. The implication of the result is that anti-poverty intervention based on observed and expected poverty measurements are important. Anti-poverty policies should be strengthened as a key development agenda of the country more than as it did before. Specifically, policies for the poor and vulnerable households are needed. Moreover, policies aiming at poverty reduction should also consider factors that increase their resilience capacity. This include programs on diversifying household’s livelihood strategies and improving their education, assets and access to essential social services. Above all, resilience oriented development programs with a focus on not only relief transfers in the short-run but also building assets and adaptive capacity of households in the long-run are needed. Keywords: poverty, vulnerability, resilience, shock, coping strategy, household, region, Ethiopia.