Browsing by Author "Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)"

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    The Cause of Educated Youth Unemployment and its Socioeconomic Effect in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-07) Gebretsadik, Daniel; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    Nowadays, the growth of educated youth unemployment is one of the critical problems facing Ethiopia. Most young people in Ethiopia are attaining their formal education with the hope of leading a better life and improving their livelihood. Even though, young people’s and their families expectations and hopes placed on education that is associated with upward social mobility and improvement of livelihoods, in reality, most youth in their post schooling life have to face unemployment challenges and remain jobless for an extended period of time. The intensity of the problem is high in Addis Ababa, the prime city of the country. Therefore, this study was set to identify the cause of educated youth unemployment and its socio economic effects in different areas of Addis Ababa with the goal of providing a better understanding of its prevalence. In doing so, the study identifies the major causes of unemployment for educated youth, assess the socio economic effects of educated youth unemployment in the study area and propose the solution to address educated unemployed youth problem. The study was primarily based on descriptive qualitative and quantitative data. The primary data were collected from 389 educated unemployed youths that are selected by purposive, snowball and convenience sampling techniques. The respondents were accessed from three different areas of Addis Ababa that were selected purposively. The data were collected through questionnaire and interviews. The data gathered through different techniques were analyzed accordingly to the objectives of the study. Based on the objectives of the study: lack of entrepreneurship skill, low quality of education, rural urban migration, mismatch of skill with the labor market, lack of good governance job selection attitude by unemployed educated youth and lack of work experience were identified as the cause of educated youth unemployment. Based on these findings some recommendation were suggested.. Key words: Young people, unemployment, labor market, educated youth, unemployed youth
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    Challenges of Youth Unemployment: The Case of Burayu Town (Oromia National Regional State)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Legese, Tesfaye; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    Now days, the growth of youth unemployment is one of the critical socio-economic problems facing Ethiopia. The intensity of the problem is high in urban areas in general, Burayu town in particular where youth face serious difficulty in getting employment. The advent of high young people flows in Burayu town has paved the way for the emergence of varied social problems amongst which is youth unemployment. This study was set to assess the challenges of youth unemployment in Burayu town with the goal of providing a better understanding of its prevalence and as result of the increase youth unemployment in the study area. In doing so the study highlights the perception, assess cause and challenges of young people unemployment and to propose the solution to address the problem in study area. The study was primarily based on descriptive qualitative and quantities data. The primary data were collected from 400 youths randomly purposive and accidental selected from three Kebeles of Burayu town, by using questionnaire, interviews and FGD. The challenges of youth unemployment different based on their age, sex, marital status, migrants status and educational levels. The demographic analyzed showed that educational level and marital status was statistically significant challenges of youth unemployment in study area. Migrant status and sex were found insignificant related to youth unemployment. Based on the findings of the sudy: Addressing the challenges and empowering women and giving advised for migrant, increasing investment in training institution and linking the training institution with labour market, Promoting youth enterprises development and self-employment. Attracting foreign investors to promote industrializations were suggested as recommendations. Key words: Young people, Unemployment, Labour market, Youth unemployment
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of People Towards Urban Environmental Sanitation in Wereda Nine Administration of Gullele Sub-City of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Bahiru, Teklehana; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of people towards urban environmental sanitation in Wereda nine administration of Gullele sub-city of Addis Ababa. Purposive and simple random sampling method was used to conduct the research. A total of 345 respondents had participated in the study. Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with urban environmental sanitation questionnaires and personal observation were the instruments used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using tables, frequency distribution, percentages, means, graphs and chi-square test. The finding of the study revealed that respondents were knowledgeable about urban environmental sanitation, however it was not adequate. Knowledge of residents’ on environmental sanitation should be promoted. Those with lower level of education should be the focus group. This can be achieved through organizing workshops, seminars and conferences on environmental sanitation by environmental sanitation authorities and public health educators. Majority of the respondents had favorable attitude to urban environmental sanitation, but there was some inconsistencies on residents’ attitude towards various urban environmental sanitation matters. Health education and hygiene awareness should be promoted to influence the resident’s attitude that target personal, household and community hygiene and sanitation. The result of the study also revealed that there were improper practices of the residents associated with urban environmental sanitation. Special attention should be given on practical engagement of the residents in the community through developing urban garden, urban beautification and urban agriculture. Lastly, based on the findings, it is also possible to conclude that there was no statistically significant relationship between gender and knowledge of people but there was statistically significant relationship between age and level of education on knowledge of people, there was statistically significant difference in the influence of gender, age and level of education on attitude of people and there was statistically significant difference in the influence of gender, age, level of education ,level of income and family size on practice of people in relation to urban environmental sanitation. Based on the research findings it was recommended that, in order to improve people’s urban environmental sanitation knowledge, attitude and practice all stakeholders should have to play their own roles. Key words: environmental sanitation, knowledge, attitude, practice
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of People Towards Urban Environmental Sanitation in Wereda Nine Administration of Gullele Sub-City of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Bahiru, Teklehana; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of people towards urban environmental sanitation in Wereda nine administration of Gullele sub-city of Addis Ababa. Purposive and simple random sampling method was used to conduct the research. A total of 345 respondents had participated in the study. Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with urban environmental sanitation questionnaires and personal observation were the instruments used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using tables, frequency distribution, percentages, means, graphs and chi-square test. The finding of the study revealed that respondents were knowledgeable about urban environmental sanitation, however it was not adequate. Knowledge of residents’ on environmental sanitation should be promoted. Those with lower level of education should be the focus group. This can be achieved through organizing workshops, seminars and conferences on environmental sanitation by environmental sanitation authorities and public health educators. Majority of the respondents had favorable attitude to urban environmental sanitation, but there was some inconsistencies on residents’ attitude towards various urban environmental sanitation matters. Health education and hygiene awareness should be promoted to influence the resident’s attitude that target personal, household and community hygiene and sanitation. The result of the study also revealed that there were improper practices of the residents associated with urban environmental sanitation. Special attention should be given on practical engagement of the residents in the community through developing urban garden, urban beautification and urban agriculture. Lastly, based on the findings, it is also possible to conclude that there was no statistically significant relationship between gender and knowledge of people but there was statistically significant relationship between age and level of education on knowledge of people, there was statistically significant difference in the influence of gender, age and level of education on attitude of people and there was statistically significant difference in the influence of gender, age, level of education ,level of income and family size on practice of people in relation to urban environmental sanitation. Based on the research findings it was recommended that, in order to improve people’s urban environmental sanitation knowledge, attitude and practice all stakeholders should have to play their own roles. Key words: environmental sanitation, knowledge, attitude, practice
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    Public Transportation System: The Case of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-09) Eshete, Mulu; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    The major modes of public transportation in the Addis Ababa are anbessa bus, minibus taxis, star alliance bus, higer midi-bus and salon taxi. In addition, public service bus, white minibuses and cross – country bus are serving the city. The presence of an efficient public transport system creates a safe, sustainable and equitable urban mobility. The residents of Addis Ababa have to face great inconveniences, as well as additional costs to the daily trips to their destinations. This study evaluates the extent to which the public transport in Addis Ababa has an impact on the urban mobility of the city. It also assesses the possible strategies and approaches that can be devised to enable this mode play a significant role in mitigating the worsening level of congestion that we see in the city at this moment. The study mainly relies on secondary data for its analysis and findings; however primary data has also been generated and analyzed with the help of sample surveys and structured interviews and attempts to identify the major factors that contribute to the high demand for public transport system in the city. The increasing population size and physical expansion of Addis Ababa largely contributes to the demand for public transport. However, the existing public transportation system could not satisfy the demand. Moreover, the insufficient finance for investment by the government and the limited participation of the private sector in the service has also contributed for deficiency of transport supply in the city. The overall findings of this study revealed that despite the fact that an efficient public transport system is the best way to maximize urban mobility, in reality this mode of transport is in a critical condition to begin with in Addis Ababa. Furthermore it has been observed that increasingly heavier reliance on vehicles with small passenger carrying capacity, such as private automobiles and mini bus taxi, is resulting in congested junctions, with heavy traffic. Other factors such as the existence of only one dominant core area in the city, demand overlap that emanates from the similar working hours that are observed for almost all institutions in the city have also been identified to be the main drawbacks that need to be addressed to create an efficient public transport system in Addis Ababa. Finally the paper puts suggestions that revolve around policy issues and decision making considerations. Key words: Transportation, Mobility, congestion, demand, Transportation System
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    The Role of Community Managed Watershed for Climate Variability Adaptation in Adwa, in the Case of ‘Mariamshewito’ Watershed
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Hadush, Meaza; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    Currently, climate change and its impacts is a key issue in Ethiopia. Adaptation to climate change is making a system suitable to moderate the impact of climate change or deal with the consequence or to take advantage of new opportunities. In line with this, the thesis has assessed the role of community managed watershed for climate variability adaptation in Adwa in the case of mariamshewito Watershed. To address the above objective, the study uses both qualitative and quantitative data type. In order to collect valuable information, semi structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, key informant guide checklist, and observation tools from both primary and secondary data sources were applied. Similarly, different statistical methods such as percentage of frequencies, bar graphs, X 2 test, independent and paired sample T-Test and one way ANOVAs were used. The key finding of the thesis presents that due to different interventions the livelihood of the community was diversified and enhanced especially; income, soil fertility, crop productivity, forest, water and food availability become improved. Even if it has some gaps in the process of implementation such as lack of linkage between sectors, lack of targeting problem to address the poor, the young and the women, weak stakeholder linkage. It is concluded that the watershed management can play a significant role to enhance household’s livelihood and cope with climate change impacts. Then, to fill the gap and go along the sustainability of the watershed, the study recommended based on the findings. Keywords: Climate Change, Climate variability Adaptation, Watershed Management, Livelihood Diversification Index (LDI), ANOVA, Paired and Independent T-Test and Chi- Square Test.
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    Students Awareness, Attitude and Intension Towards Urban Environmental Problems in Selected Preparatory Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Feleke, Engdasew; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    Environmental problems such as air and water pollution, solid waste and climate changes in urban areas are the results of human behavior. Only change in human behavior can reduce these environmental problems. Thus, studying the level of students’ environmental awareness, attitude and intension is an entry point to change this situation among the young generations. Therefore, the objective of the study is to find out students’ level of awareness, attitude and intension in relation to urban environmental problems. As a methodology both secondary and primary data, quantitative and qualitative data have been used. Using stratified sampling method 350 preparatory students were selected for the study. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The research findings indicate that the majority of the students hold moderate level of environmental awareness, favorable attitude and found to have an intension to contribute for environmental improvement. There is no difference in students’ environmental awareness, attitude and intension based on gender and grade level. Relatively higher age groups were found to have better awareness and more favorable attitude, but their intension is the same. Social science students were found to have more favorable attitude and better intension than natural science students, but they are similar in their awareness. Students in the missionary school were found to have more favorable attitude and intension to contribute for environmental protection than private and government schools, but students from private school were found to have better awareness. There was a weak positive bivariate correlation among students’ environmental awareness, attitude and intension. And the predicative power of one dependent variable over the other is also weak. School subjects are the major source of environmental information. Based on the findings it was recommended that, in order to increase students’ environmental awareness, attitude and intension curricula have to be developed in a participatory approach by including the needs and priorities of students and the linkage between schools and the community should be strong. Keywords: Students’ awareness, attitude and intension, urban environmental problems, Addis Ababa
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    Students’ Awareness and Attitude Towards Land Degradation and Deforestation (in the Case of Addis Ababa University)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Kebede, Belaynesh; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to investigate university students’ awareness and attitude towards rural environmental degradation. To achieve the objectives of the study 289 students were selected through stratified sampling from three faculties in Addis Ababa University. Students were assessed using multiple choice awareness test and Likert type of attitude scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic; t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA. All statistical manipulations were done by SPSS 15 version for windows. The result of the study revealed that generally the students found to have moderate level of awareness and favorable attitude towards land and forest resources. In the case of item by item analysis students found to have less awareness for some of the environmental issues raised in the study. Students also have unclear stand for some of the issues raised in the attitude items. The study also revealed that there was statistically significant difference in mean awareness score of students in terms of gender and age. It shows that male and relatively old age students found to have better awareness about the problem, causes, consequences and solution of land degradation and deforestation. In addition, statistically significant mean awareness difference was observed between students from urban and rural areas. This indicated that students from rural areas had better awareness to land and forest resources. On the other hand, the mean awareness score difference between second and fourth year students was significant. That fourth year students found to have better awareness for land and forest resources. The ANOVA summary for awareness also showed the existence of significant mean difference among faculties and departments. Thus the sampled students in Social Science College and departments of PSIR and GES found to have better awareness to land and forest resources. Moreover, the analysis of attitude based on the independent variables shows the absence of significant difference between male and female, second year and fourth year students’ mean score. It was also insignificant between urban and rural, and age of students. Thus, male and female, second year and fourth year, relatively old and young, rural and urban students found to have similar attitude towards land degradation and deforestation. The ANOVA summary for attitude also did show the existence of significant mean difference among faculties and departments’. Thus, the sampled students in Social Science College and departments of PSIR and GES found to have more favorable attitude to land and forest resources. The correlation coefficient also revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between environmental attitude and awareness, but it is weak. This implies that to some extent awareness may lead to an initial development of attitude which in turn may result in increasing awareness. Generally integration of environmental education is a must to bring similar and high level of awareness and favorable attitude among students
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    A Study on Urban Agriculture: The Case of Small-Scale Urban Dairy Farming in Selected Areas of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2003-06) Makonnen, Teferee; Shiferaw, Tesfaye(PhD)
    This research paper is a study on urban agriculture with particular emphasis on small-scale dairy farming in selected areas of Addis Ababa. The general objective of the study is to identify some of the major problems and constraints faced by the urban dairy farmers, and investigate and explain the character and role of urban agriculture with emphasis to smallscale dairy farming. It also tries to see the types of assistance needed and suggestes possible solutions to the problems. The analysis of the study utilized both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey that covered 240 small-scale dairy farming households with less than five dairy cows in their herd in twelve 'weredas', two 'weredas' each from the six zones, of Addis Ababa. The 'weredas' are located in the central and peripheral parts of the city. The secondary data were collected from different libraries, document centers, organizations and offices. The study discusses the role of urban agriculture in connection with nutrition and food security, income generation and employment, and environmental improvement. An assessment was also made on the problems of urban agriculture. An attempt was made to investigate the socio-economic and demographic profile of the dairy farming households. Accordingly, people in the higher age groups with low level of education and large household size, well established migrants, males (85.5%), married (76.5%) and people from diverse occupation groups are major participants. Amhara and Oromo ethnic groups comprise the bulk of the dairy farmers (88%) and 93.3% of the producers belong to Orthodox religion. As the findings of the study reveal, the need to feed family as the major factor that motivated dairy farmers to start the activity is 59.2% and business at residence as the major consideration in site selection is 75.0%. Most of the dairy farmers initially purchased dairy cows to start operation (80.8%) using their own money (82.1%) and acquired information and skills to run activity mainly from relatives/friends (80.8%). The dairy herd in both locations is composed of local, crossbred and pure exotic breeds. The local breeds are found to have extended calving intervals, short lactation lengths and low milk yields compared to crosses and exotic breeds. Average production of milk and fat, original cost and feed supply were major factors considered in initial breed selection.The producers mainly conduct the dairying activity using family labour in smaller land area, including the living accommodation. Stall-feeding is practiced in both locations, but grazing is also common in the periphery, and the major feed sources include hay, wheat bran, concentrate oil cake and "atela". Animal feed is not only costly but its availability is also seasonal. Feed is brought to farm using vehicles, donkeys and human porters. Piped water is a major source of drinking water for animals. Natural mating is the most frequently used breeding method used by 77.9% of the farmers. About 71.7% of the producers obtain veterinary services from MoA while others use private clinics and local traditional practitioners. Nearly 74.2% of the farmers have never been supported by extension agents in their activity. Evidence from the findings of this study indicated that the most ranked source of expense of milk production is animal feed followed by utilities and labour. Similarly, the most ranked factor that affects the productivity of the dairy cows and profitability of the dairy farms is choice of breeds followed by feed resources and improved feed system, and veterinary services and animal health care. The major problems in managing the dairy farms include shortage and high cost of animal feed; diseases like mastitis, pneumonia, anthrax, tick related, foot and mouth; low production potential of indigenous cattle; lack of adequate space for dairying; lack of labour, credit and veterinary and extension services. Most of the producers have fear of eviction and do not know government's attitude towards urban dairy farming and its recognition, and most of them have never received assistance from the government. Most of the producers (63.7%) do not keep records of daily milk output from each cow milked. Most of the milk is allocated for sale and the sale of fresh milk is the most frequent and regular source of cash income for the producers. The majority of the farmers sold milk directly to consumers. Proximity, price and reliability were considered in the selection of market outlets. Milk prices are found to be slightly higher in the inner city compared to the periphery and prices are determined mainly by the producers. Milk is sold at the point of production (farm gate) or is delivered to customer's house mainly on foot. Fresh milk is the most frequently consumed product by the producers followed by Yoghurt. Unsold milk is processed into butter and local cheese, consumed by the family or is fed to animals. Most of the producers use manure as a source of household energy