Browsing by Author "Shale, Tena"

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    The Case of Existence in Fəqər eske Mäqabər, Kä’admas Bashagär and Gəracha Qachəloch: From Existentialist Perspective
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-08) Wondimu, Tseday; Shale, Tena
    The study argues, as its starting point, that all the causes of our social evils rest on the kind of relationship that we established, as a social system, between the individual and the society. The society is so powerful over the individual that, as a result, it robes the latter the sense of responsibility—the more the individual leaves the responsibility to the society the more the nation will be overwhelmed by the social ills. To alleviate this problem the researcher suggests a system in which the individual is allowed to act freely with responsibility. The kind of philosophical outlook that offers such an alternative is Existentialism. Thus selecting, Jean Paul-Sartre’s, among the existentialist outlooks, the study attempts to address the case of existence in three selected novels—Fəqər eske Mäqabər (FM), Kä’admas Bashagär (KB) and Gəracha Qachəloch (GQ). According to the analysis made the researcher has found out that the more the pressure of the society gets intense the more agitated the individual becomes to be free, even that goes to the extent of losing one’s life (like Säblä and Bäzzbəh, in FM). The less, however, the pressure the freer and responsible the individual grows (Abärra of KB and Mäzzgäbu of GQ). It is also observed that the society acts not as an invisible entity but concretizes itself in individuals, which can make the pressure surpassable by the individual. Such examination of characters is possible to be made as the genre of the novel allows its characters to become halt in crystallized still posture; whether the novel is written by a dead or living author. The very moment the reader finishes reading, the novel dies, gets freeze; thus available for a postmortem, ie analysis.
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    The Changing Face of Moral Vision in The Amharic Novel
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-06) Shale, Tena; Daniel, Abiy (PhD)
    In this study were examined eleven Amharic novels by six authors for their moral vision. A combination of moral and sociological approaches of literary criticism was put to use for the study. The novels were selected on their representational merits as they belong to three historical periods: before 1974, 1974-1991 and after 1991. The specific purpose of the study being to explore and describe the changing face of moral vision in the novels selected, the study also made use of a combination of the structuralist and the new-historical or cultural critical methods. Discussed in six major chapters in three parts, the study reveals that there is a continuum of moral vision between and among the novels, on the one hand, and between the novels and the discourses of the periods that gave rise to the novels, on the other. Haddis’s and Dagnachew’s novels discussed in chapters 3 and 4 respectively reveal that the state of morality in feudal Ethiopia was characterized by moral provincialism with respect to the feudal lords, the then dominant class. Through the gestures of their characters striving for self-assertion and justice Haddis’s novels in particular strongly suggest the need for change of the scenario that subjected the people to plight-full life. But then, the change so envisioned, of necessity, had to come through social upheavals, and these are depicted in Bealu’s and Tesfaye’s novels. As discussed in chapters 5 and 6, respectively, the novels by these two authors tend to circumscribe morality around the underdog masses, though the depictions are constrained by elements of egoism and vengeance. In the last two major chapters (i.e. 7 and 8), Fiqremarqos Desta’s and Sisay Nigusu’s novels are examined as showing a moral vision that transcends the notion of moral provincialism altogether. Fiqremarqos’s novels uphold the virtue of respect for others, both individuals and social groups, while Sisay’s novel challenges us to heed our conscience; for conscience is infallible.
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    Major Landmarks in the Evolution of Etv Amharic Dramas The Changing Societiy and Its Stories
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Ayele, Wondimagegn; Shale, Tena
    Television has turned out to be the predominant medium of contemporary storytelling. In its brief history the making of its dramas across time is being affected and influenced by various factors. Notably social factors constitute the lion share of the reciprocal influence. Television drama in Ethiopia, from its inception, has evolved under the influence of social changes together with important changes brought by introduction of new technology. This project was preliminary sets out to inquire the evolution of Ethiopian television (ETV) dramas in the context of the changing societies and its stories. It then reflected on the interconnectedness between the shifts in the shapes of television drama and the patterns of the socio-historical conditions that changed from time to time according to the social and political administration system. In order to assure the analysis was properly grounded in the condition of drama production, an attempt was made to devise a historicist methodology. For that purpose, strong theoretical and conceptual claim of television drama study is employed. Access was granted by ETV to watch the dramas which is barred by only the loss of some of the dramas from the catalogue as well as the audio-visual library. The discussion of the study mainly rests upon illuminating the evolution of ETV dramas along side major social changes and the flow of television in Ethiopia since its arrival. To that end ideological and aesthetic criteria was employed to illustrate particular dramas. Then the study reveals that ETV dramas in the 1960’s were the first experience for the country and reflected the wealthy social classes. In the 1970’s, after the revolution, the dramas began to reflect the social life of the nation under new social order. In the 1990’s dramas began to take new direction in a more liberal atmosphere as it cultivated new writers that work on various issues. Then it was indicated that while the dramas reflected the society of each period, they were forced to represent the dominant view hold by the coming and gone ruling classes. Given the findings- conclusion is drawn to illuminate what has been discussed along with an implication and future prospects. In general it is stated that ETV has been used to reflect the changing societies in the dramas created in various forms which itself changed from time too time.
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    Subject Matter Analysis of Amharic Oral Lyric Poetry in Raya
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Mesele, Tesfaye; Shale, Tena
    Traditional oral lyrics in Raya have been part of the life of the society. It has long been common for Rayans to play lyric poems in working, wedding and funeral occasions. It is also very common for itinerary singers to use lyric poems as they entertain people in drinking houses. Through lyrics people in this area have been reflecting their happiness, grief, political notions, working conditions, social comments etc. However, nowadays many influences are directly or indirectly affecting this cultural practice. One among some influences is modernization. People are using tape recorders in weddings and drinking houses. Farming activities are now changing. Extension packages are now replacing the traditional ways of cultivation. Influence of foreign culture through education is also another threat. As a result of this condition, it becomes very important to study the oral lyrics which have long been used in the area and to preserve them in a way which would be helpful to see the people’s thought, feelings, beliefs, hopes and desires as well as their way of living in general through subject matter analysis. The study has four chapters. In the first chapter, it has been attempted to show the magnitude of the problem, the purpose and method of the study. In the second chapter, an endeavor has been made to give a theoretical framework of studying oral literature. In the third chapter an attempt has been made to give the general background of the Rayan society. In the last chapter, an endeavor has been made to give detailed subject matter analysis of Amharic oral lyric poems. Taking sufficient sample poems, the researcher has made an attempt to discuss subject matter issues in five genres: love, marriage, elegiac, topical and work poetry. At last, conclusions are drawn about the major themes discussed in the analysis. Poems which are not included in the analysis are made part of the appendix in order to preserve them for other interested researchers in the area.
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    Thematic Analysis of Calypso and Dub Poetry
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Dinku, Yisahak; Shale, Tena
    This research thesis is intended for partial fulfillment of M.A. degree in literature. The topic of the research is “Thematic Analysis of Calypso and Dub poetry”. Accordingly, the research has examined 22 pieces i.e. 10 pieces of Calypso poetry and 12 pieces of Dub poetry. The objective of the research centers on two major aspects. The first aspect is to identify the unique features of Calypso and Dub poetry in terms of their significance towards raising awareness of the broad masses of the people. The second aspect is to find out how Calypso and Dub poetry influenced the Caribbean peoples to commit themselves in social, political and economic development. The method of analysis is adopted from two different critical theories in order to examine the poems that are selected for this research. These critical theories are Marxist critical theory and postcolonial critical theory. Marxist critical theory is utilized to examine both the colonial and the postcolonial poems focusing on the exploited class’ struggle for freedom and social development. The postcolonial critical theory is utilized to examine the post-independence poems focusing on Creolization and the movement and ideologies that springs from the realities of oppression of black peoples. Moreover, each poem is examined separately and later the analysis part is evaluated based on the critical theories. What’s more, the research paper consists of five chapters. The background is the first chapter and includes: the introduction, the problem statement, limitation of the research, Method and scope of the research. Review of related literature is the second chapter and it includes a brief survey of the two critical theories and the review of history and development of Caribbean literature. The third chapter is the analysis part in which thematic analysis of each poem is made. Chapter four consists of evaluation of the analysis. Next, chapter five i.e. the conclusion summarizes the whole research progress and the findings. In addition, it includes views and suggestions of the researcher.