Browsing by Author "Mekonnen Abebe"

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    Assessment of the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors with Pediatric Hydrocephalus in Selected Diagnostic Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-09) Mulugeta Blein; Seyoum Girma ; Mekonnen Abebe
    Background: Hydrocephalus (HCP) is defined as pathophysiology with disturbed CSF. Neitherqualitatively nor quantitatively are there adequate data to determine the prevalence and incidenceof HCP in the developing world. HCP is a treatable condition that when left untreated, has fatal consequences. Objective: The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors in pediatric HCP in selected diagnostic centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted over a retrospective and prospective data collection periods. Children aged 5 years and below who came to the four selected diagnostic centers for MRI and CT examination were studied. The collected data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Result: The retrospective study included 639(58%) males, 432 (42%) females, and 753 (68.4%)infants were aged younger than 24 months. The mean age calculated was 22.3 months. Children diagnosed with HCP were 245 (22.3%); of these HCP cases, 153(62.4%) were classified as noncommunicating HCP. Aqueductal stenosis, 17.9% was found to be the most common cause associated with congenital HCP. This study identified infants aged younger than 24 months to be significantly associated with HCP (P<0.05). Regarding the gender and age distribution of the prospective study, 57(57.6%) males, 42 (42.4%) females, mean age of 24.9 months, and 60 (60.6%) infants aged younger than 24 months were included. Children diagnosed with HCP were 23 (23.2%); of these HCP cases, 13(56.5%) were classified as non-communicating HCP. This study also found Aqueductal stenosis 26.1% as the most common cause associated with congenital HCP. Inadequate consumption of folic acid, usage of the folic acid supplement after conceiving,and familial association of HCP were all found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the high prevalence of HCP was due to the high prevalence of Aqueductal stenosis and NTD; with a small contribution of post-infectious causes. The majority of infants who present with HCP are aged younger than 24months.
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    Development of Solid Waste Management Strategy for Hossana Town
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2012-10) Mekonnen Abebe; Worku Hailu
    Solid waste, which is a result of day-to-day activities of human kind, needs to be managed in a proper manner. Hossana town, like other towns in Ethiopia, faces serious problems associated with poorly solid waste management system. This study is conducted with the objectiveto develop the solid waste management strategy in Hossana town. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units like clustered sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Even thoughmost of the collected data from the interviewed households were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study identified that the existing solid waste management problems are highly pronounced due to: no system is introduced for sorting wastes, no community bins (shared containers) for collecting household wastes, piles of solid wastes are often found everywhere (along roadsides, underneath bridges, in drainage channels and in other open spaces), weak implementation of government policy, laws, regulations and legislations, the general public has not been motivated to participate actively in solid waste management system, there are no formal and informal as well as private sectors involved in the operation, insufficient financial resources or inappropriate allocation of available resources, and poor institutional arrangements. The solid waste management strategies developed for the Hossana town have a number of importance for minimizing the problems that faced the current municipality’s proper solid waste management system.Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards implementing the developed strategies to mitigate the existing solid waste management problems. Key words: Waste, Solid Waste, Solid waste management, solid waste management strategies