Browsing by Author "Mekonnen, Alemayehu"

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    Assessment of factors associated with non use of modern contraceptive methods among currently married women in reproductive age group in Kirkos sub-city, Addis Ababa city administration
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2010-06) Mulatu, Dejene; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Back ground- “Reproductive health ... [implies that people] have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. Implicit in this last condition are the right of men and women to be informed and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family-planning of their choice ...” It is obvious that solutions are necessary to slow the rapid rate of population growth all over the world, in developing countries, as well as those in which people are not poverty stricken. One of the most popular solutions currently for decreasing the birth rate is to increase use of birth control and decrease nonuse rate. Objectives: To assess factors associated with non use of modern contraceptive methods among currently married women of reproductive age group (18-49 years age). Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kirkos sub-city, Addis Ababa city Administration from November 2009-June2010. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection method were used. Focus group discussion will be a qualitative method to complement the finding of the quantitative study. Data entry, data cleaning and analysis will be done by EPI INFO version 6 and analysis will be done using SPSS version 11 statistical package. Results: Of the total respondents one hundred thirty three (16.1%) had ever used MCM and 272(32.8%) were never user of MCM. The current contraceptive prevalence was found to be 51.1%. Most women used Injectable and OCP. The main reasons for nonuse MCM were desire to have more children followed by medical problem. Of current non user 53.3% had intended to use MCM in the future. It was found that all women 828(99.9%) had information about MCM. The main source of information for MCM was health workers. In multivariate analysis, statistically significant association were found between MCM non use and respondent age, children ever born, educational status of respondents, husband educational status, occupation of respondent, source of information, and husband approval of MCM (PV < 0.05). Concussion: Current CPR is relatively low in the sub-city; MCM should be distributed at community level especially those non clinical methods by using urban health extension workers.
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    Assessment of health management information system (HMIS) data quality and information use: The case of Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-10-03) Bayisa, Regasa; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Background: Good quality data delivered on time to users (as information) is an important aspect of healthcare planning, management and decision making. Data must be collected, processed and transformed, communicated, and used to help decision makers on resource allocations, policy formulation, staffing, service delivery, cost-recovery, supportive supervision, and other elements required in the effort of ensuring quality health service provision. HMIS is a core health system building block designed to provide important data for continuous quality improvement at all level of decentralized health care administration. For consistent data use to occur, data need to be of high quality so that data users are confident that the data they are consulting are accurate, complete, and timely. Without quality data, demand for data drops, data-informed decision making does not occur, and program efficiency and effectiveness will suffer. Objective: To assess Health Management Information System (HMIS) data quality and information use in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional case study design in the form of both quantitative and qualitative study methods were used to identify the HMIS interventional areas in the hospital. Customized questionnaire and observation guide from PRISM tool was used to collect both descriptive and analytical data. Following the selected tools guideline most of the HMIS performance determinants were measured through continuous or Likert scale of 1-7 (one- very weak to seven- very strong) indicators. The organizational and behavioral part has involved 187 respondents selected from each department staff. Mix of data collection technique used was: interview of key informants, self-administered questionnaire, record review and observation. Discussion of results: This assessment revealed high report completeness (100%) and data accuracy (90%); however, it also demonstrated limited generated information use at senior management level and totally non-existence of information use practice at departments and case team levels. Both organizational and behavioral determinants were found to be major rate limiting factor for low level information use observed. Overall, information culture promotion was found to be only 51.0 (47.2, 54.7); meaning the hospital management was weak in creating good work environment for HMIS related activities, use of collected data for evidence based decision making, empowering and creating responsibility among employees. This assessment also revealed low level staff motivation 45.2 (41.5, 49.0) and comparatively higher staff confidence in performing HMIS related activities. Respondents were more confident in interpreting results and their implication 67.0 (63.5, 70.6) than routinely collecting information which they rated as most boring activity 40.4 (36.7, 44.1). Conclusion and recommendation: This assessment confirmed high report completeness, data accuracy and report generation in Yekatit 12 Hospital; with limited information use practice which was not because of data quality rather because of low information culture promotion and low level of staff motivation on HMIS related activities. This also indicated that data was primarily collected for reporting not for use. Therefore, in order to ensure the continuity of present data quality and to improve the observed poor information use; the hospital shall: IX  Adopt and implement context-appropriate incentive systems for accurate and complete data collection, analysis and use at individual, case team or department levels with timely report submission to HMIS unit and evidence-based plans and performance achievements.  The hospital should functionalize the hospital performance monitoring team established to oversee the HMIS data collection, analysis and utilization performance in hospital.  Quarterly performance review meeting should be fully implemented as per EHRIG standard both at department and hospital levels especially using objective performance measurement based on selected respective indicators.
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Emergency Contraception Among Secondary, Preparatory and Technical & Vocational School Female Students in Maichew Town, Southern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2009-06) Kebede, Abebe; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Background: Emergency contraception refers to type of contraception that is used as an emergency procedure to prevent unintended pregnancy following an unprotected act of sexual intercourse. Every year, unintended pregnancies lead to at least 20 million unsafe abortions, resulting in the death of some 70,000 women. There is low utilization of emergency contraception, while awareness is relatively high. Objective: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on emergency contraception and factors influencing knowledge, attitude and practice. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from February to March 2009. There were a total of 1091 Eligible female students (age 18 & above) in the three schools of Maichew town. Six hundred twenty three of them were sampled for the study. Self administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Result: About 15.7 % of respondents are sexually active. Forty eight percent of them were faced forced sex and unwanted pregnancy was 38.1% for those who practiced sex. From 623 respondents 285 (45.8%) have knowledge about emergency contraception; Correct timing of emergency contraception was reported only by 85 (13.6%) and 18 (2.8%) of them had ever used emergency contraception. Health professionals were main source of information 228 (80.0%) and About 178 (62.4%) of the respondents had favorable attitude towards the use of emergency contraception. Conclusion: There is high rate of unintended (forced) sex; low knowledge, attitude and utilization of emergency contraceptives among Secondary, Preparatory and TVET school female students and no favorable access to the service. Hence there is a need for collaborated effort to improve knowledge, Attitude and utilization of contraceptive methods including emergency contraception to prevent female students from life threatening behaviors and strengthening the schools reproductive health clubs by the school & the woreda health office jointly.
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    Assessment of Magnitude and Factors Affecting Intention of Women who are on Antiretroviral Therapy to Use long Acting and Permanent Family Planning Methods in Addis Ababa City Government Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-02) Gelaw, Bantamlak; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Background-The use of long acting and permanent family planning methods is one of the pronge of preventing unwanted pregnancies among women on ART who tend to have complicated and worse birth outcomes. However, there are no substantive data available on the magnitude and factors affecting the intention to use long acting and permanent family planning methods among HIV positive women in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). Objective- to assess the magnitude and factors affecting intention to shift to LAPMs by women who are on Anti Retroviral Therapy. Methods-The study was undertaken from July 2013 to Augest 2013 using quantitative study mehods in the form of facility based cross sectional survey on a sample of 633 HIV positive women in the ART follow up units in Addis Ababa supplemented by qualitative in-depth interview. A systematic random sampling procedure was applied to select respondents of the study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered with Epi info, analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable analysis and multivariable logistic regration was employed to see the crude and independent relationship between the independent variables and the out come variable. Results- The proportion of women who intended to shift to LAPMs was 38.5%. Knowledge of respondents on LAPMs was 95%. Among LAPMs, IUD was known by 90% of participants, male sterilization was least known (7.7%). The intention of HIV positive women to shift to LAPMs in the future was significantly associated with women’s level of education AOR= [1.59, 95 % CI: 1.07, 2.36], their level of knowledge about LAPMs [1.68, 95% CI: 1.09,2.60] and attitude of women towards LAPMs [1.66, 95% CI: 1.18-2.34], where as, parity of women: one to two children [0.22, 95% :0.12,0.39] and three to five children a woman had [0.12, 95% CI: 0.06,0.24] were found to be significant and negatively associated with intention of women to shift to LAPMs. From the qualitative data, most of participants were not intended to shift to LAPMs mainly because of women’s choices were dominated by partners, fear of side effects from LAPMs like: infection and excessive vaginal secretion, rumors and misconceptions about LAPMs Conclusions and recommendation- Women’s education, knowledge on LAPMs and positive attitude towards LAPMs were found to be independent predictors of intention to shift to LAPMs. The high proportion of women on ART not to shift in these facilities was indicative of the need to work on women’s desire to shift the method. Half of women have negative attitude towards LAPMs. Attempts to improve womens’ knowledge and attitude towards LAPMs are very important. Besides, Information decisimination , communication on the use of LAPMs and integrating the service of HIV with family planning services especially LAPMs should give due emphasis to allivat factors which hindered method shift among women who are on ART.
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    Assessment of magnitude and factors associated with fullimmunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months in Addis Ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-02) Tolera, Demeke; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Background: Child immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions for reducing child morbidity and mortality. In order to control and eliminate the vaccine preventable diseases it is important to know the vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination. Inadequate levels of immunization against childhood diseases remain a significant public health problem in resource-poor areas of the globe. Nonetheless, the reasons for incomplete vaccination and non-uptake of immunization services are vary from place to place. This study aimed at finding out the reasons for incomplete vaccination of children in 12-23 months of age in Addis Ababa, Addis Ketema Sub- city, Ethiopia. Objectives: To determine full immunization coverage and the predictors that influence the complete immunization of children among 12-23 months of age. Methods: Across-sectional community based study was conducted by using the revised 2005 WHO-EPI coverage cluster survey manual, from February 2013 to March 2013 in Addis Ketema Sub-City of Addis Ababa city administration.. A sample of 585 children between 12-23 months from 40 clusters in the sub-city were surveyed. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered into computer using EPI-Info version 3.5.1 then bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 16. 0 Results Seventy three percent of the children in Addis Ketema sub-city were fully immunized. Occupation of the mother (AOR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.13,0.51), postnatal care follow up (PNC) (AOR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.90) , knowledge about objective of vaccination (AOR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.01, 5.63), knowledge about start age of immunization (AOR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.67), knowledge about number of session required to complete routine immunization (AOR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.41), Place of delivery (AOR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.67), were the independent predictors of full vaccination among children aged 12-23 months. Conclusions. Women with health seeking behavior were found to have their children fully immunized. And also knowledge of mother about immunization of children and socio-demographic characteristics of mother had association with full immunization of children. Significant number (3.2%) of children in this survey had not been vaccinated at all. The low full immunization coverage documented in this study among children particularly for measles vaccination during routine EPI program was found low.
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    Assessment of Practice of Post abortion Care Service among Government Health Centers in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-05) Beyene, Yeshiwass; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Background: unsafe abortion is a major public health problem in many countries. A woman die every eight minutes somewhere in developing countries due to complications arising from unsafe abortion. A complication of unsafe abortion contributes to 13% of global maternal mortality. In Sub-Saharan Africa, abortion complications represent 20 to 50% of maternal morbidity and mortality. Unsafe abortion is the most common cause of maternal mortality, accounting for up to 32% of maternal deaths in Ethiopia Objective: The study was conducted to assess practice of post abortion Care Service among government health centers in Addis Ababa. Method: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa from January to February 2011. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and assessment of supply & equipments were employed. A single proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version.. Result: A total of three hundred fifty eight health professionals working on post abortion care in 24 government health centers were participated in the study Of 358 health professionals working on PAC Service 56% were between the age group of 20—30 years. Study subjects were nurses 80% followed by nurse midwives17%. Among all study subjects only 38% took refresher training. In the last three months, 27% of the respondents provided FP for post abortion patients. Sixty eight percent of the study subjects responded the appropriate place for post abortion FP service was at FP room and only 4% preferred in the delivery room. 79% of the study participants responded that patients express a desire for FP after PAC service. It was found out that among the 24 government health centers in Addis Ababa, 46% and 39% lacked IEC materials and MVA double valve syringes respectively. Those health professionals who took refresher training were more likely to practice post abortion family planning service. v Conclusion and Recommendation; The majority of health providers did not take refresher training on post abortion care. Some health centers lack basic equipments required for providing post abortion care service. In general the importance of practice of Post Abortion Care Service could be improved in accordance with the national health policy and involvement of NGOs. Therefore, an increased Post Abortion Care Service training program, with an emphasis on post abortion FP service, is recommended for health professionals to improve the overall Post Abortion Care service delivery
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    Chemical Investigation of the Leaves of Moringa Stenopetala
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 1999-09) Mekonnen, Alemayehu; G/Yesus, Tarekegn (PhD)
    Moringa stenopetala is a fast growing tree that grows abundantly in the southern part of Ethiopia, especially in the Konso area. It is widely used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the control of diabetes, malaria and hypertension. The seeds are used traditionally as water clarifying agent . The ethanol extract of the leaves of M. stenopetala led to the isolation of three medicinally useful glycosides. The compounds were identified to be rutin, 4 -(4' -0-acetyla - L - rhamnosyloxy ) benzylisothiocyanate and 4 -( 4' - 0 - acety! - a - L - rhamnosyloxy)benzaidehyde. 4-(4'-0-acetyl-a-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzylisothiocyanate and 4-( 4'-0-acetyl-a-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzaldehyde are reported for the first time from M. stenopetala. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H NMR, MS ) and chemical studies.
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    Design of a Web Based System to Support Nursing Care Planning For Wolaita Sodo Outona Referral Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05-01) Sebhatu, Siraj; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Background: Nursing process is a systematic problem solving approach used to identify, prevent and treat actual or potential health problems and promote wellness. It has five steps- assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing care planning and documentation of patient care needs are important. The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can impact on the work that nurses carry out. Involvement of nurses in the analysis and design phases of a web based nursing care planning is necessary to properly encapsulate their care planning and documentation requirements. Objective: This project attempted to design a Web Based System to Support Nursing Care Planning for Wolaita Sodo Outona Hospital (WSOH). Methodology: The proposed project uses object oriented analysis and design system development technique approach and different data collection tools i.e. (interview, observation and relevant document review techniques) to collect sufficient data needed for the system to be developed. Analysis and design of the proposed system was performed using the object oriented analysis and design tools i.e. (class diagram, inheritance of the class, and association of the class, UML diagram, ER diagram), PHP and HTML ,Java script for programming language and My SQL for database used. Result: The developed design of a web based system to support nursing care planning for Wolaita Sodo Referral Hospital incorporates Register new /update repeat patient detailed information, Search patient detail, assesses the patient condition, to make nursing diagnosis ,prepares care plan ,implement goals, evaluate the outcome ,and prepared aggregate report information ; nurses give care service at In Patient Department (IPD). To capture all of these data relational data base system was designed. Finally, the three tire system architecture also designed to give a high level view of the new system. Conclusion: A web based system to support nursing care planning system used by nurses should make time-saving possible, be easily used with easy menus, save all applications exactly, have warning and alarm systems, display necessary interventions at appropriate times, be a guide for patient care.
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    Magnitude and Factors Affecting Fertiliy Desire among Women Living With HIV in Addis Ababa City Adminstration Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2010-06) Hadgu, Almaz; Mekonnen, Alemayehu
    Back ground: Effective linkages between the sexual, reproductive health and the HIV interventions are essential to ensuring the reproductive rights of women living with HIV. The sexual and reproductive decisions faced by women with HIV involve their desire for pregnancy, their contraceptive practices, their choices about an unintended pregnancy, and their prenatal and postnatal options to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. Objective:-The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude and factors affecting child desire of women living with HIV in the food distribution sites of four sub cities of Addis Ababa. Methods: - A quantitative cross sectional survey on 414 HIV-positive women at four sub cities of Addis Ababa was conducted from February to April 2010. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and fertility needs were collected using structured and pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. This was supplemented by qualitative study (FGD). Descriptive analysis followed by binary and multivariate logistic regression was made to assess predictors of their desire to have future children. Result: - Subjects had median age of 31 years and had been diagnosis with HIV for mean of 55 months. 39.9% of women in the food program have future child desire. Among those desiring children 90.6% of them were not having children currently. Majority women living with HIV and their partners have similar desire to have children in the future. As many as 63% of HIV positive women who desire children have a partner who does. Generally, women living with HIV who desire children are younger, not educated, have no children, having partner who have child desire and CD4 count >200cell/mm3. Moreover lack of health professional’s discussion about reproductive health increases future child desire of women. Respondents in the age group 40 years and above had less likely to desire future children (AOR: 0.06, 95% CI: [0.01-0.58] than the other age group. Having primary and secondary education were less likely to desire children (AOR: 0.14, 95%CI: [0.04-0.52] & AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: [0.05-0.47] respectively. Respondents having one or more children were less likely to desire children. Respondents with partners not having future child desire were less likely to have children in the future (AOR: 0.27,95% CI:[0.01-0.78] and those whose CD4 count is >200cell/mm3 and not discussed about reproductive health with the health professionals were more likely to have future child(AOR:4.48,95% CI:1.27-15.77 and AOR:6.2,95% CI:2.08,18.5)respectively. viii Conclusion: Younger age, not educated, not having currently alive children, partner’s future child desire, having current CD4 count of >200cell/mm3 and lack of discussion about sexuality with their counselors are factors associated with child desire of women living with HIV. Recommendations: Women living with HIV and who desire children have numerous service needs in addition to future closely linked to medical care. The issues of mother with HIV need to be emphasizes at all levels including policy, programmatic and service level.