Browsing by Author "Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)"

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    Assessing problems and challenges in the implementation of the new budget reform in Tigray region: The case of Regional sectors.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Gebrekiros, Solomon; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Background: The Expenditure Management and Control Program (EMCP) is one of the .five s7lb-programs of the Civil Service Reform Program. The newly adopted budget reform is also one of the EMCPs launched by MoF!;;D, BoFED and DSA project in 7NRS in 2004 with the objective of designing reform ideas for improved and new .systems of budget management and control that can be used at the regional and woreda levels. Even though, there are considerable achievements registered in the reform implementation process there are still gaps because of external and internal factors affecting the effecliveness of the reform implementation process. Objectives: The general objective of this study is to examine the problems and challenges that affected the effectiveness of the budget reform implementation process. The ,Ipecific objectives are, to assess the capacity of implementer,I', to examine degree of accountability, transparency, and responsibility of different organs ensured by the reform in budget process within the selected sectors. Methods: The research design implementedfor this study is descriptive method, and the techniques of data collection were quantitative and qualitative data. The research area includes the budget Management Reform and challenges in its implementation in the BoANR, BoH, BoE and of the regiOn. The target population that this research tried to address comprised heads of the sectors, cost center heads and staff members having duties and responsibilities in budgeting and planning process of the sectors, the plan and budget department and focal person of the reform from BoFED, Economic advisor of the regional government and speaker of regional council. The total number of participants was 90 and the response rate was The frequencies of the responses were recorded, described and analyzed using sllmme,y tables. Results/Findings: In adequate remuneration and incentive problems resulting in high staff turnover. Low leader's attention and lack of clear and binding rules and regulations to each concerned bodies especially cost center level res1ilting the problem of accountability and transparency in budget processing are found to be the basic problems and challenges affecting the implementation of the newly adopted Budget Management Reform in the region. Conclusion and Recommendatiolls: In order to improve the current problems and challenges faced in the implementation of the reform, it calls political commitment and leaders attention on capacity building, and empowering the grassroot levels and each concerned bodies to play their role actively according to their dllties and responsibilities in budget processing,
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    Assessment of Budget Preparation and Utilization: the Case of Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Muluneh, Ketema; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    This study was conducted on assessment of budget preparation and utilization in the case of Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, there is no document that reports a study on the probable causes that may hinder the preparation and utilization of budgeting in the City Administration of Health Bureau. This is a major motivation to carry out this study. Thus, the general objective of the paper is to assess the budget preparation and utilization of the City Administration Health Bureau. Five out of seventeen budget holders were taken and ten key informants were selected from each budget holders with a total of 50 respondents. In addition, five budget experts were included in collecting primary data through structured questionnaire and three more BOFED budget experts involved. More of the qualitative analyses demonstrate that there was no accountability in budget utilization, there is no market oriented cost estimation practice. Lack of adequate and experienced budget experts is other issue that contributes to worsen the problems and also there is no evidence based evaluation mechanisms in the budget utilization at each level of the Health Bureau. Therefore, in order to improve budget preparation and utilization in Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, it calls for taking any possible and remedial actions in the subsequent years
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    Assessment of Local Administrative Discretion and Accountability Mechanisms in Addis Ababa City Administration: the Case of Yeka Sub-City Woreda 10
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) Masresha, Miheret; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    The thesis attempts to explore with objective of , assessing the administrative discretions as well as the applicability of administrative accountability mechanisms practice in Addis Ababa yeka sub -city woreda ten . To meet the above objectives, the research employed more of qualitative case study approach. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering pertinent information. The technique of collecting primary data includes in-depth interviews at sub-city and woreda , focus group discussions with the community representative. Secondary sources such as published and unpublished materials such as books, proclamation, procedures, directives and manuals are used. Descriptive method of analysis is used to analyze the primary and secondary data. The study found that local administrative discretionary power is not adequately devolved and accountability mechanisms, at woredas of Addis Ababa are not properly designed due to different reasons. It is challenged by many problems such as crucial autonomy still remain in the upper stratum, as well as lack in properly codified rules and regulation in administrative autonomy. As well as due to political curiosity intervening of politically assigned official in administrative procedures is also to be mentioned .The public accountability mechanisms are also not properly designed and social accountability is completely not designed. Hence to make administrative decentralization meaningful recommendations are made on devolving adequate administrative autonomy ,codifying proclamation and other regulations and directives . Both the public and social accountability mechanisms have to be designed properly and adequately in woredas of Addis Ababa. Key words: Administrative, Discretion, Accountability, Woreda, Regulating abilities, Procurement,Humanresource
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    Assessment of Public Debt Management Practice in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Abebe, Abeba; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Ethiopia’s external debt stock has risen rapidly and has almost quadrupled even if debt relief was granted under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries /Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (HIPC/MDRI) in 2006 and other problems being facilitated. The impact of this debt burden is enormous in economic and human development of Ethiopia which can be observed from the debt overhang. This entails a need for more comprehensive study which rigorously examines public debt management practices in Ethiopia. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the debt management strategy and the precise debt management practice of Ethiopia starting from 2002 after Ethiopia restarts debt management practice from ground due to the debt relief and debt cancellation granted by various multilateral and bilateral creditors up to 2011. The research employed a descriptive research analysis which involves both quantitative and qualitative tools to drive concrete findings. In order to extract the necessary information for the study, document review was considered as the major tool for secondary data gathering while primary data was gathered through key informant interview with directors and managers of debt management unit in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. In visualizing the major components of Ethiopia’s debt management strategy the main objective focuses on debt sustainability analysis and gives less attention to parts of debt management strategy such as, fiscal, legal, institutional and operational measures. Despite the efforts in debt management activities, it is still at nascent stage and not performing at its maximum potential. The major challenges faced by debt management practices includes; shortage of human labor force, minimum skills of negotiating teams as well as those who engaged in monitoring and evaluation process, lack of debt management strategy, inaccessibility of alternative creditors to make a choice, late disbursement made by creditors after loan agreement signing, the inability of the government to fund expenditures from treasury and non existence of past performance evaluation process. According to the debt management directorates study, even if Ethiopia’s debt is affordable, the time to time plan of the government necessitating large amount of finance may put risk on future debt capacity
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    Country Ownership and Aid Effectiveness in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Chanie, Muluken; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Country Ownership in designing and managing development assistance is critical for achieving sustainable development and promoting effective development cooperation between recipient and donor countries. However, there is a widespread misconception and lack of comprehensive studies on country ownership in Ethiopia. The objective of the thesis is to examine the country ownership comprehensively including Government of Ethiopia (GOE)’s ability to exercise effective leadership over its development policies and strategies; aid coordination and negotiation practices in Ethiopia; donors’ use of country’s system in aid delivery; and GOE’s ability to mobilize finance for development. The Study uses primary and secondary data collected through interviews and document reviews. While there are strong and functional joint government-donors aid coordination structures in Ethiopia that support country leadership over its development policies and strategies, nearly half of the development assistance in 2013 was disbursed outside the country financial and procurement system, which undermines country ownership and sustainability of the development efforts. In a bid to increase donors’ use of host country system in Ethiopia, the joint government-donors Development Effectiveness Taskforce calls for the donors to set individual targets on use of host country systems. However, the Study found out that public sector capacity constraints are hindering more use of host country systems in Ethiopia. In this regard, the writer suggested for rolling-out the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) - Civil Society (CSO) Support model for aid delivery across sectors. The GAVI - CSO Support model minimizes public sector burden by providing aid funds that were channeled through the government system to local and international None-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). As the model uses GOE’s financial and procurement systems in disbursing aid funds, the government remains in charge in designing and managing the development assistance, while the NGOs play a mere implementation roles. The Study also argued that some authors’ fear of western donors’ continued dominance in aid partnership and dialogue with recipient country is no longer the case because Western countries’ Official Development Assistance is no more the only source of development finance. Domestic revenue, south-south cooperation, foreign direct investment, non-concessional private lending, private foundations, and remittance became additional and increasingly important sources of finance for development in developing counties including Ethiopia. With this new development finance landscape, a vibrant country ownership is emerging that both developing countries and their development partners must embrace and uphold it
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    Customs and Revenue Reforms in Ethiopia; Case Study of Asycuda++
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Wondemagegne, Henok; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    This research paper was conducted on the area of Customs and Revenue Reforms in Ethiopia by taking a case study of ASYCUDA++ which is an extension of reform program on Service Delivery. The adoption of ASYCUDA in the operations ERCA was due to its wide range of benefits in simplifying the functions of the Authority. But despite of the benefits, during the implementation stage there are problem which affects its efficiency like frequent break downs, lack of training on the system and deliberate human interference. Thus due to the gap created in the planning stage and implementations, this paper was prepared to study and make analysis on the practice, performance and challenges of ASYCUDA. During the process of studying a non-random purposive sampling technique were used to select the sample size from both ERCA employee and customers. On this regard a sample size of 200 respondents were selected and the response which was generated from respondents were processed and analyzed using SPSS. Thus As part of the system strengths and weakness, the study gives a recommendation on the planning stage whenever new programs are implemented, they have to compatible to the existing situation. In addition, induction and training programs must be provided together with implementation
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    Government-Ngo Partnership in Amhara National Regional State: Challenges and Opportunities
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Abera, Ayalew; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Development can be achieved through an integrated and collaborative approach that can promote the governmental and non-governmental actors' roles and capabilities in the economy. In integrated approach, government has to play several critical roles to enable the entire development system to junction better. Amhara region is under deep-rooted with multifaceted socio-economic and environmental problems caused by the natural and human calamities. To reduce poverty and improve the well being of the community, external technical, material and financial resources can playa paramount importance in complementing the developmental efforts of the regional government. This can be possible through the engagement of efficient and effective government-NOOs partnership. Partnership is a more effective way of extending educational improvements to the needy society than individual efforts of the state, the private sector and NOOs. Hence, the government of Ethiopia in general and Amhara region in particular are working in partnership with NOOs in order to extend its capacity to meet the challenges of providing and promoting education for its children for NOOs do have resources to contribute that are additional to government support in attaining the development goals. The Objective of the research was to asses the level, challenges and opportunities of partnership in education sector development of the region. The results show the region has prepared government-NO~ collaboration guideline both at regional level and sector specific working in education sector, a good start. AERDC has provided a lot of advantages through common understanding and experience and resource sharing. Projects and programs are running through mutual consultation, though in rare extent. However the contents of OO-NOO collaboration guide lines seems reflect control and regulatory than collaborative and participatory. The AERDC has shown difficulties in effective coordination and management of the partner members. The study concludes that effective and cooperative government-NOOs partnership should be created through a harmonious, transparent, accountable predictable and mutual!y reinforcing partnership between the two partners. This will, indeed, help a lot in bringing an observable change in the region's socio-economic development in general and the education sector in particular.
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    The Impact of public Sector Spending on the Economic Growth A particular Focus on Road and Electric Power Sector (The Case of Ethiopia)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-08) Kebede, Bayew; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    The government of Ethiopia for the past ten years is exercising an expansionary fiscal policy with the aim of providing major public infrastructure services in the country. With regard to this, the government have increased the level of total public expenditure by more than hundred percent in GTP periods. Taking in to account the shortage of capital to finance public expenditures in Ethiopia, both the short run and long run effects of this government spending have to be measured to determine whether the expenditure is creating the intended economic growth. Short run economic outburst can misled governments that the existing public expenditure will have a positive outcome also in the long run while it may not. On the other hand, the increase in public expenditure can result in resource absorption from the productive private sector, which most scholars argue to be more efficient, to public sector. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of government spending on economic growth in Ethiopia. In doing so, considering the complexity of the link between government spending and economic growth, both descriptive explanations and econometric analysis were applied in the study. In addition, key informant interview was made in order to triangulate the empirical results obtained. The descriptive analysis found that the trend of public spending in Ethiopia and the deficit level is growing adjacently in recent years. However, the level of accumulated public debt borrowed to finance the deficit is at low risk according to IMF standard of high risk dept level. The empirical analysis found that public spending on social sectors has positive long run effect on the growth of real percapita income while spending on general services is suppressing its growth. From the selected infrastructure sector components, while public expenditure on electric power sector has significant positive effect, road sector development has insignificant effect on the growth of real percapita income growth
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    The Role of Rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: A Case of Biftu Batu Rural Saving and Credit Cooperative
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Tilahun, Tadele; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Ethiopia has a very low rural banking density and a lowest financial inclusion standing as mainstream financial institutions are heavily tilted towards the urban centers with good physical infrastructure, and leaving the rural areas underserved. On the other hand, with local ownership and control, RuSACCOs are considered as an ideal model for enhancing financial inclusion, and can help financially excluded segments who are often perceived as too risky by commercial banks and MFIs. Yet, the role of rural financial cooperatives as financial inclusion model haven’t been well thought by the regulatory institutions and other actors. With these premises, the study have explored the role of rural-based saving and credit cooperative society in improving financial inclusion. Data required for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. It was conducted on a single selected RuSACCO in Adami Tullu Jiddo Kombolcha district in Oromia region of Ethiopia. The cooperative society has generated an opportunity for the excluded poor segments through creating financial access, delivering micro-credit, promoting savings, and financial literacy. This is of utmost importance in order to upgrade RuSACCOs as a key actors in financial inclusion. The study calls for an improved enabling environment for pro-poor actors like financial cooperatives (RuSACCOs) to improve financial inclusion. Keywords: Cooperative, Financial Inclusion, Financial Exclusion, Financial Services, RuSACCO
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    The Role ofNGOs in alleviating the Problems of Children Orphaned by HIV / AIDS: The Case of Mekdim Ethiopia National Association (MENA).
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Shibru, Mengesha; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    At present, HIV is an endemic that is causing millions of children Orphan. This study is mainly intended to investigate the role that NGOs are playing in alleviating the problem of children orphaned by HIV/ AIDS. The research method adopted for the study is · Descriptive · and Analytical research, type and a survey method. An in-depth interview and focus group discussion were used as primary data collection techniques. Both open ended and closed ended questionnaires were employed as tools to collect primary data. The total sample size was 347, 187 orphans and 160 guardians and a stratified random sampling coupled with purposive sampling were employed. To describe the quantitative aspect of the study descriptive statistics were used, while the qualitative aspect was presented through discussion. The finding indicates that, children orphaned by HIV/ AIDS have access to all types of supports to a varying degree except house rent support. Moreover, orphans have either complained or dissatisfied in most cases with the adequacy and significance of the supports they received, while for some orphans some supports are so crucial for their survival. On the other hand, the organization was unable to address the felt needs of orphans due to financial limitation and the donor driven nature of the projects. Furthermore, the growing number of destitute children that seriously need the support has forced the organization to cut in the types and amount of support such as educational support, health care, food aid and housing. However, to meet the growmg demand the organization has established linkages with public schools, government hospitals and clinics and kebele officials to provide orphans with free access to services such as; educational support, health care, food aid and housing. In addition, the organization has initiated livelihood interventions to Improve the ability of orphan households to remain self reliant. The recommendations of the study revolve around its finding aiming at improving how supports should be given by the organization by minimizing it limiting factors.
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    The Roles And Contributions of Civil Society Organizations in Education Service Delivery: the Case of Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa City Government
    (2011-04) Haile, Mehari; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Quality education has a role in the economic, social, and political life of any country at various levels. Quality education can be improved if all stakeholders such as CSOs are active participants. However, CSOs focus more on hard ware issues but less on software issues of education quality such as curriculum development, teachers‟ development and provision of educational materials. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to assess and understand the roles, contributions, capacities and challenges of CSOs in the education quality issues in Arada Sub-City. To achieve these objectives both exploratory and descriptive research methods were used. Therefore, the findings of the study revealed that the main roles and contributions of CSOs in teachers‟ development include provision of in-service and pre-service pedagogical training; giving awareness raising programs; conducting short term training; coordinating, and financing for continuous professional developments. In addition, CSOs are providing educational/school materials such as computers, stationery and facilitating favorable reading materials outside schools for their own beneficiaries. However, most CSOs have no roles and contributions in curriculum development because of lack of invitation from the government and curriculum is developed at the central and regional levels. CSOs have the capacity of information, knowledge, expertise and motivation of their staffs in curriculum development, teachers‟ development and provision of educational material in Arada Sub-City. But, there is no empirical evidence on the capacities of CSOs to deliver better services in curriculum development. Similarly, the main challenges of CSOs in improving education quality include; they are donor dependent, not yet fully recognized as actors in curriculum development, limited staff capacity, inadequate supply of educational materials in the country, and competition between and among CSOs. Finally, the study concludes that CSOs are working to fill up the gap and strengthen between the government and the society by way of doing government jobs in teachers‟ development and provision of educational materials. In addition, they play a direct role in the joint efforts to create learning societies
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    Urban Governance for Resource Mobilization: The Case of Revenue Generation and Investment Promotion in Jimma Town; Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-10) Admasu, Ermyas; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Urban governance is one of those facto rs that affect the level of urban development. The quality of municipal governance plays determinant role in accelerating the development of municipal services, facilities and infrastructure. This further contributes towards the betterment of quality of life for urban residents. This case study is conducted in 1imma Town of Oromia National Regional State specifically emphasizing on the governance of revenue generation and investment promotion by the Municipal Government. The major objective of the paper was to asses how much the quality of governance in the Municipal Government affects generation of revenue from internal sources and promotion of investment to attract private capital for the Town's development. The study specifically focused on assessing the governance related challenges faced by the Municipal Government in resource generation and investment promotion. It also examined what efforts have been exerted by the Municipal Government to promote investment and the patterns of investment growth in the Town. The methods employed in collecting data were more of qualitative in nature with some inclusion of quantitative data. These methods include; interview with key informants in the Municipal Government, Focus Group discussion held with potential investors in the Town, questionnaire distributed among the business community in the Town and document review that included reports, books and articles that in any way supplement relevant data to the study. The study finally revealed that, governance related problems like; lack of accountability, transparency, weak in ~ titutional capacity and lack of permanent, envisioned and public!)! elected Municipal Administration affected the governance of resource mobili zation in the Town. These problems are impinging on every activities related to revenue generation like; identification of sources, revenue collection, system of valuat ion, nurturing voluntary compliance, legal enforcement and administration of complaints. Moreover, it was also revealed that, investment promotion is at its nascent stage manifested through lack of appropriate institutional mechanisms and instruments to do so. The Municipal Government managed to attract very less private investment compared to the resource potential of the Town and its surrounding. This is because of lack of transparency, the prevalence of disincentives like long procedures, ethnic problems (discrimination), lack of transparent land administration system, less participation of residents, potential investors and other stakeholders in the development activities of the Town. Therefore, the Municipal Government should improve governance of revenue generation by strengthening its organizational capacity through better man power, materials and logistics support. Increasing taxpayers' ,?articipation in revenue related affairs, instituting objective and reliable valuation system and installing appropriate institutionalmechanisr,\ to address complaints by taxpayers' could be among the most vital areas on which measures have to be taken. Moreover, much attention should also be given to the task of investment promotion by instituting an ofJice which is responsible lor it. The Munici;Jal Government should work closely with the business community in the Town to make them part of its development process. The cost and burden of undertaking new investment activates has to be dealt by streamlining investment services and shortening decision making channels. In·stituting transparent and accountable land administration and distribution system should also be given due attention.
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    Women Political Empowerment and Decentraliza Tion in Addis Ketema Sub-City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010) Yjrgalem, Frew; Mandefro, Fenta (PhD)
    Despite decentralization is one of the major policy concerns in Ethiopia, studies regarding its impact on women political empowerment is largely missing. This study assessed the opportunities, challenges and prospects of women political empowerment within the decentralization ji-amework in Addis Ketema Sub-City. To this end, data was gathered using both qualitative and quantitative data collection instruments. The study has found that decentralization is accompanied by institutional opportunities such as local council system that enable women to participate in politics in the sub-city. Currently women cons/it ute on average 39% of local councilors. They also constiluted 33% of heads of executive ofJices. Decentralization has also resulted in the creation of women affairs office. Nevertheless, women participation and representation in local government institutions is found to be low compared to their percentage share in the total population of the sub-city. More importantly, the over all situation of women political empowerment is found to be at its nascent stage. This has greatly to do with low level of gender awareness amongst the society, absence of institutionally capable women organizations dedicated to women's concerns, seasonality of political parties mobilization strategy, limited resources and power available to local instilutions. Moreover, there is low level of coordination among concerned stakeholder so as to properly exploit available opportunities of women polilical empowerment in the study area. Therefore deepening the decentralization process and installing affirmative measures such as reserved seats or quota system jor women deemed a key way outs.