Browsing by Author "Mamo, Getachew"
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Item Community Participation in Primary Schools: A Comparative Study of Gtz and Beso Assisted and Non- Assisted Schools in Snnpr(Addis Ababa University, 2001-06) Mamo, Getachew; Taddese, Nebiyou (PhD)The purpose of this study was to compare the community participation in primary schools, which were assisted, by GTZ and BESO projects and those, which were non- assisted ones in the S.N.N.P.R The subjects of the study were 72 community members, 72 teachers and principals, 6 projects officers, 12 Werda and 6 zone education officers in 6 zones of the region Questionnaires, interviews and observation were used to gather data. Percentages, means, ranges were used to analyze the data. Results of the analysis show that community participation varies in schools, which were assisted by the projects, and in those, which were not assisted. In schools, which were assisted by the projects, the community involves in such activit ies as rehabilitation of school buildings, maintenance of school fence, latrine, and furniture cultivating schoolyard. In the non project assisted schools, community participation was not seen except in some schools in which they pay salary of locally hired guards and in some schools serving as guards. The fmdings also show that in schools, which were assisted by the projects, due to lack of fo llow up from the zone and Wereda, the community participation was not as effective as it should be. The community involvement in schools was also obstructed due to confusion with the policy statements and poor school management. In most schools the teachers, principals, the community members and the officials in We red a and zonal level consider that community contribution is against the policy. In some schools the principals embezzled the materials and money collected. Therefore, to solve the problems in schools, the authorities in zones and wereda have to fo llow up and provide technical and administrative supports to the project assisted schools. In addition, the policy statements concerning community involvement have to be clear and measures should be taken against the principals who embezzle the school properties The authorities of Wereda and zone education and council should not leave the whole responsibilities to the people in the schools and projects; but they should work and monitor the performances togetherItem Part-of-Speech Tagging for Afaan Oromo Language(Addis Ababa University, 2009-01) Mamo, Getachew; Meshesha, Million (PhD)Most natural language processing systems use part-of-speech (POS) tagger as a separate module in their architecture. Specially, it is very significant for developing parser, machine translator, speech recognizer and search engines. Tagging is a process of labeling part-of speech tags to words of a text such that contextual information can be obtained from word labels. The main aim of this study is to develop part-of-speech tagger for Afaan Oromo language. After reviewing literature on Afaan Oromo grammars and identifying tag set and word categories, the study adopted Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach and has implemented uni gram and bi gram models of vertebra algorithm. Uni gram model is used to understand word ambiguity in the language, while bi gram model is used to undertake contextual analysis of words. For training and testing purpose 159 sentences (with a total of 162 1 words) that are manually annotated sample corpus are used. The corpus is collected from different public Afaan Oromo newspapers and bulletins to make the sample corpus balanced. A database of lexical probabilities (LexProb) and transitional probabilities (Trans Prob) are developed from thi s annotated corpus. These two probabilities are from which the tagger learn and tag sequence of words in a sentence The performance of the prototype, Afaan Oromo tagger is tested using ten fold cross validation mechanism. The result shows that in both uni gram and bi gram models 87.58% and 91.97% accuracy is obtained, respectively. Based on experimental analysis, concluding remarks and recommendations are forwarded. Keywords: Natural Language processing, parts of speech tagging, Hidden Markov Model, N - Gram.Item Part-Of-Speech Tagging For Afaan Oromo Language(Addis Ababa University, 2009-01) Mamo, Getachew; Meshesha, Million (PhD)Most natural language processing systems use part-of-speech (POS) tagger as a separate module in their architecture. Specially, it is very significant for developing parser, machine translator, speech recognizer and search engines. Tagging is a process of labeling part-of-speech tags to words of a text such that contextual information can be obtained from word labels. The main aim of this study is to develop part-of-speech tagger for Afaan Oromo language. After reviewing literatures on Afaan Oromo grammars and identify tagset and word categories, the study adopts Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach and has implemented unigram and bigram models of Viterbi algorithm. HMM is a statistical approach which is used in this study for part-of–speech tagging for Afaan Oromo words in a given corpus. Unigram model is used to understand word ambiguity in the language, while bigram model is used to undertake contextual analysis of words. For training and testing purpose 159 sentences (with a total of 1621 words) that are manually annotated sample corpus are used. The corpus is collected from different public Afaan Oromo newspapers and bulletins to make the sample corpus balanced. A database of lexical probabilities (LexProb) and transitional probabilities (TransProb) are developed from this annotated corpus. These two probabilities are from which the tagger learn and tag sequence of words in a sentence.Java programming language is used to develop the tagger prototype based on the Viterbi algorithm with unigram and bigram models. It is also used to compute both lexical probabilities and transitional probabilities. The performance of the prototype, Afaan Oromo tagger is tested using ten fold cross validation mechanism. The result shows that in both unigram and bigram models 87.58% and 91.97% accuracy is obtained, respectively. Based on experimental analysis, concluding remarks and recommendations are forwarded.