Browsing by Author "Lemma, Ashenafi"

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    A Crossectional Study on Assessment of Chest Radiographic and Chest CT Patterns in Covid-19 Patients in Tikur Anbessa Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-03) Lemma, Ashenafi; Alwan, Amir
    Introduction: Introduction: Introduction: Introduction:Introduction:Introduction: An outbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus dioutbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus dioutbreak of corona virus di sease 2019(COVID sease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVID sease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVID sease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVID-19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province (2). (2). On 11 March On 11 March On 11 March On 11 March 2020, the WHO 2020, the WHO2020, the WHO officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic (5) . . In Ethiopia, the In Ethiopia, the In Ethiopia, the first case of COVID first case of COVID first case of COVID -19 19 was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) . COVIDCOVID COVIDCOVID-19 primarily 19 primarily 19 primarily19 primarily 19 primarily affectaffectaffectaffectaffectaffects the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to transmission transmission transmission transmission (5). (5). Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients suspected of COVID suspected of COVID suspected of COVID suspected of COVID suspected of COVIDsuspected of COVID-19 infecti 19 infecti 19 infecti19 infecti on (2) . Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection of of COVIDCOVID COVIDCOVID-19 lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CTwhen compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT which is which is shown to have to have iv reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of 98% (7) . Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact on the rates of nor on the rates of noron the rates of nor on the rates of nor on the rates of normal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging.mal baseline imaging.mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging.mal baseline imaging. Objective: Objective: Objective:Objective: Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the correlation betweencorrelation between correlation between correlation betweencorrelation betweencorrelation between correlation between correlation between correlation between correlation betweencorrelation between chest radiographicchest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographicchest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographic and chest CTand chest CT and chest CTand chest CT and chest CT and chest CTand chest CT patternspatternspatterns patternspatterns in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with RT - PCR PCR PCR PCR confirmed COVIDconfirmed COVID confirmed COVID confirmed COVIDconfirmed COVID confirmed COVIDconfirmed COVID-19 infection 19 infection19 infection 19 infection19 infection 19 infection at Tikur at Tikur at Tikur at Tikur at Tikur Anbessa hospital Anbessa hospital Anbessa hospitalAnbessa hospital. Method:Method:Method: Method: A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT-PC R confirmed R confirmed R confirmed R confirmed R confirmed COVIDCOVID COVIDCOVID-19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were seen at seen at seen at seen at seen at seen at seen at Tikur Anbessa specializedTikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specializedTikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specializedTikur Anbessa specialized hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest xhospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest xhospital and had chest xhospital and had chest xhospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x-ray ray and chest CTand chest CT and chest CTand chest CT and chest CT and chest CTand chest CT. The The The chest xchest x chest x chest x-ray ray and and and chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist s and and imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data will be will bewill be filled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images wfilled separately and images wfilled separately and images w filled separately and images wfilled separately and images wfilled separately and images wfilled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images wfilled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings will be ill be ill be ill be reviewed reviewed reviewedreviewed reviewed againagainagainagain with the with the with the consultant consultant consultant radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together. Results Results Results : This study included 62 COVID-19 patients seen at Tikur Anbessa hospital among which 32() were male aand 29() were female. Patient age ranged from 18 – 86 with mean age of 49 years. Majority of the patients 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. Most of the patients 39(62.9%) have history of known underlying illness. Among the 62 patients 50(80.6%) of the chest x rays and all the 62 CT images were abnormal. The predominant chest infiltrate was GOO seen in 22(44%) of chest x rays and 29(46.8%) of the chest CT images followed by combination of GGO and consolidation seen in 22(35.5%) chest x rays and 22(35.5%) of the chest CT images. Findings were bilateral in 44(88%) of chest x rays and 61(98.4%) of the chest CT images. Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X-rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT images. images. images. images. images. A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images. The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for 37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X -rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: The predominant chest radiological finding was multi focal ground glass opacity which is bilaterally and peripherally distributed in the lower and middle lungs on both chest X ray and chest CT followed by a combination of ground glass and consolidation
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    A Crossectional Study on Assessment of Chest Radiographic and Chest CT Patterns in Covid-19 PatientsiIn Tikur Anbessa Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021) Lemma, Ashenafi; Alwan, Amir
    Abstract Abstract Abstract Introduction: Introduction: Introduction: Introduction:Introduction:Introduction: An outbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus dioutbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus di outbreak of corona virus dioutbreak of corona virus di sease 2019(COVID sease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVID sease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVID sease 2019(COVIDsease 2019(COVID-19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in 19) infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province December 2019 in Wuhan the capital of central China’s Hubei province (2). (2). On 11 March On 11 March On 11 March On 11 March 2020, the WHO 2020, the WHO2020, the WHO officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVID officially characterized the global COVIDofficially characterized the global COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic19 outbreak as a pandemic 19 outbreak as a pandemic (5) . . In Ethiopia, the In Ethiopia, the In Ethiopia, the first case of COVID first case of COVID first case of COVID -19 19 was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3)was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) was reported on 13 March 2020 in Addis Ababa (3) . COVIDCOVID COVIDCOVID-19 primarily 19 primarily 19 primarily19 primarily 19 primarily affectaffectaffectaffectaffectaffects the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to the lung parenchyma and it has high rate of human to transmission transmission transmission transmission (5). (5). Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients Thoracic radiology evaluation is often key to the of patients suspected of COVID suspected of COVID suspected of COVID suspected of COVID suspected of COVIDsuspected of COVID-19 infecti 19 infecti 19 infecti19 infecti on (2) . Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection Chest radiograph has lower sensitivity for the detection of of COVIDCOVID COVIDCOVID-19 lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities lung abnormalities when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CTwhen compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT when compared to chest CT which is which is shown to have to have iv reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of reported CT sensitivity of 98% (7) . Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact Disease severity and timing of imaging appear to impact on the rates of nor on the rates of noron the rates of nor on the rates of nor on the rates of normal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging.mal baseline imaging.mal baseline imaging. mal baseline imaging.mal baseline imaging. Objective: Objective: Objective:Objective: Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the The aim of this study is to describe the correlation betweencorrelation between correlation between correlation betweencorrelation betweencorrelation between correlation between correlation between correlation between correlation betweencorrelation between chest radiographicchest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographicchest radiographic chest radiographic chest radiographic and chest CTand chest CT and chest CTand chest CT and chest CT and chest CTand chest CT patternspatternspatterns patternspatterns in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with in patients with RT - PCR PCR PCR PCR confirmed COVIDconfirmed COVID confirmed COVID confirmed COVIDconfirmed COVID confirmed COVIDconfirmed COVID-19 infection 19 infection19 infection 19 infection19 infection 19 infection at Tikur at Tikur at Tikur at Tikur at Tikur Anbessa hospital Anbessa hospital Anbessa hospitalAnbessa hospital. Method:Method:Method: Method: A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT A retrospective study on RTA retrospective study on RT-PC R confirmed R confirmed R confirmed R confirmed R confirmed COVIDCOVID COVIDCOVID-19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were 19 patients who were seen at seen at seen at seen at seen at seen at seen at Tikur Anbessa specializedTikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specializedTikur Anbessa specialized Tikur Anbessa specializedTikur Anbessa specialized hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest xhospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x hospital and had chest xhospital and had chest xhospital and had chest xhospital and had chest x hospital and had chest x-ray ray and chest CTand chest CT and chest CTand chest CT and chest CT and chest CTand chest CT. The The The chest xchest x chest x chest x-ray ray and and and chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewed chest CT will be reviewedchest CT will be reviewed by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologistby experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist by experienced consultant radiologist s and and imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data imaging data will be will bewill be filled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images wfilled separately and images wfilled separately and images w filled separately and images wfilled separately and images wfilled separately and images wfilled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images wfilled separately and images w filled separately and images w filled separately and images which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings which had differences in the findings w hich had differences in the findings will be ill be ill be ill be reviewed reviewed reviewedreviewed reviewed againagainagainagain with the with the with the consultant consultant consultant radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together radiologists together. Results Results Results : This study included 62 COVID-19 patients seen at Tikur Anbessa hospital among which 32() were male aand 29() were female. Patient age ranged from 18 – 86 with mean age of 49 years. Majority of the patients 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) 56(90.3%) were symptomatic most of them 40(70.2%) presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. presented with shortness of breath and 36(63.2%) fever. Most of the patients 39(62.9%) have history of known underlying illness. Among the 62 patients 50(80.6%) of the chest x rays and all the 62 CT images were abnormal. The predominant chest infiltrate was GOO seen in 22(44%) of chest x rays and 29(46.8%) of the chest CT images followed by combination of GGO and consolidation seen in 22(35.5%) chest x rays and 22(35.5%) of the chest CT images. Findings were bilateral in 44(88%) of chest x rays and 61(98.4%) of the chest CT images. Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and Peripheral location was the predominant finding in both chest X ray and chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for chest CT images accounting for 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X 36(72%) of the chest X-rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT rays and 49(79%) of the chest CT images. images. images. images. images. A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest A combination of lower and middle lung involvement is the most common chest radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) radiographic and chest CT location accounting for 25(50%) of the x rays 21(33.9%) of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images.of the chest CT images. of the chest CT images. The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for The abnormalities were predominantly multifocal accounting for 37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X37(74%) of the chest X 37(74%) of the chest X -rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images.rays and 43(69.4%) of the chest CT images. rays
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    Determinants of Employee Job Satisfaction The Case Study of Ethiopian Civil Service University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-07) Lemma, Ashenafi; Bekalu, wubeshet (PhD)
    The objective of this study is to determine the level of employee job satisfaction and its determinant factors in case of Ethiopian Civil Service University in Addis Ababa. Stratified random sampling and purposive random sampling were used in sampling design. Questionnaire as research instrument was used and was distributed to 170 employees of ECSU administration employees. In total, 150 usable responses were received which were analyzed through SPSS 25.0. Standard procedures were used to process and represent findings. Inferential statistics (person correlation analysis) and multiple regressions were then applied. Results showed significantly positive relationship between nature of job and Career advancement, interpersonal relationships with employee job satisfaction. Results also showed that pay and benefits to be low in Ethiopian Civil Service University and caused dissatisfaction among employees. Implications of the study for Ethiopian Civil Service University management and policy makers in the context of human resource practices include making sure those employees who demonstrate increasing levels of pay and benefit are given increasing levels of satisfaction
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    Prospective Study of Variation of Entrance Surface Dose in Conventional and Digital Radiography in Pediatric Age Group
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-07) Lemma, Ashenafi; Dr.Teferi, Seife
    Background Radiation exposure at the early stage of life usually results in a likelihood of two or three fold increase in lifetime risk for certain detrimental effects compared with that of adult. Radiation protection in pediatric radiology requires special attention because children are more sensitive to radiation and at higher risk than adults. The objective of this study is to assess variation of ESD in conventional and digital radiography in pediatrics age group of some hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method Prospective cross sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling; data were collected, checked for clarity and completeness and entered into SPSS version 23 for analysis. The data were analyzed Result statistically, and compared with the international reference dose values. Out of 620 study participants 309 (49.8%) were exposed to conventional radiograph while 311 (50.2) were exposed to digital radiograph. Calculation of ESD shows that mean ESD of conventional radiograph to be 1.13, while that of digital radiograph is 1.84. The third quartile of Conventional is 1.72 and that of digital radiography is 0.92. In age group 5-15 digital radiography ESD’s are greater than conventional ESD’s, while in those less than 5 years conventional radiography ESD’s are higher than that of digital ESD’s. In abdomen, extremities, pelvis and spine digital radiograph ESD’s are higher than conventional ones but in CXR and skull those of conventional ones are higher than digital radiograph ESDs. Conclusion According to this study, radiation dose (mean ESD) is relatively higher in conventional radiography in chest x ray and skull when compared to Digital Radiography whereas in abdomen, extrimities, pelvis and spine digital radiography mean ESDs are higher than conventional radiography mean ESDs