Browsing by Author "Kefyalew Merahi"

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    Clinical Profile and Outcome of Trauma among Adult Patient Treated at Alert Hospital Trauma Center Emergency Department Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Abebe Tesfaye; Kefyalew Merahi; Abebe Asmamaw
    Introduction: A traumatic injury can be caused by a wide range of blunt, penetrating, and other mechanisms. As a result, after a patient has sustained this injury, he/she may require immediate care. So, all aspects of trauma care systems, such as a powerful prehospital care system, skilled human power, facilities, equipment, and continuous supplies, must be in place for asuccessfu outcome. Objective: This study is aimed to assess the clinical profile and outcome of trauma among adultpatient treated at ALERT hospital trauma center emergen department Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,from January 1/2019 to December 1/2020. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was performed during the time period of January2019 to December 2020 on trauma patients treated to the trauma and emergency department ofALERT hospital. For statistical analysis, Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were employed, and Fisher's exact test was performed to determine the statistical association. Results: Male to female ratio was 259:103, with the 24–33 age group predominantly affected by trauma. The most common time of injury was 8–6 a.m., and the taxi was the predominant mode of arrival to the hospital (59.7%). Inter personal violence (IPV) is the most common accident, accounting for 31.8 %. Road traffic injury (R.T.I.) is the second most common cause of injury accounted for 30.7% of victims, three wheelers or Bajaj (45%) dominated over others vehicles. Mostly pedestrian was affected 62.1%. The Kampala severity score II (KTS II) were show milled trauma (82.3%), moderate trauma (11%), and severe trauma account (6.6%). Open wound/ Soft tissue injury (44.2%) and Extremity fracture (24%) were the frontrunners injury, with 11.3% of the victims were polytrauma. The mortality rate was 3.6%. Conclusions and recommendation: The injury was prominently IPV and RTA, the trauma victims were young. The focus should be directed to injury prevention and safety measures. Future studies can be directed to long term outcomes and follow up of injury victims to account for exact mortality and morbidity due to such unfortunate events.
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    Knowledge and Practice of Nurses towards the Prevention of Catheter- Associated Urinary Tract Infection Working in Intensive Care unit of Federally Administer Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Teshager Tilahun; Kefyalew Merahi; Hussein Heyria
    Abstract Background:Urinary catheterization is one of the most common procedures performed in hospitals especially in intensive care units and the single highest risk factor for acquired UTIs.More than 75% of all acquired UTI are due to catheter use.Nurses are the primary healthcare providers who are responsible for inserting and maintaining urinary catheters. But most of the nurses had an inadequate level of knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Objective:This study aimedto assess the knowledge and practice of nurses towards the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)workingin the Intensive Care Unitoffederally administeredhospitals inAddisAbaba Ethiopia,2021 G.C. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study wasconducted.A total of 184 nurses were participated by census sampling method. Data was collected by self-administered questionary.Data wereentered by using epi data 4.6.0 and was analyzed by SPSS version 26.0.Pearson chi-square and Fischer exact testswere performed to see the association between independent and dependent variables.A P< 0.05 was consideredstatistically significant. Results; the study findings showed that more than half of nurses 116 (63.04%) had a poor level of knowledge while only 68 (36.96%)had a good level of knowledge and 96 (52.17%)of nurses had a good level of practice while88 (47.83%) had a poor level of practice. There was a statistical association between nurse’s knowledge and experiences a (p-value=0.031).While there was no statistical association between nurse’s knowledge and practicelevel and nurse’s knowledge and practice with age, sex, level of education, marital status, training, and guidelines/protocols a (p-value>0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation: results showed that nurses had a poor level of knowledge and practice for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.Further studies withlarge sample sizesneed to investigate factors affecting nurse’s knowledge and practice towards the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
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    Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Associated Factor of First aid Services Related to Motorcycle Accidents among Motorcycle Drivers in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Tilahun Mesafint; Tuli Wagari ; Kefyalew Merahi
    Background: First aid is care provided initially to a sick or injured person using the resources available until professional medical assistance is available. As a result, the victim's suffering can be reduced until help arrives or until they can be transported to a health facility. It includes carefully chosen words of encouragement and expressions of a willingness to help. Motorcyclesare used in developing countries to carry out practical tasks related to mobility, transportation,sport, and economic activity. My understanding is that there is little information about first aid knowledge, attitudes, and practices among motorcycle drivers in my study. Objective: This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of first aid service related to motorcycle accidents among motorcycle drivers in Dilla town, southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods: The research was done in four randomly selected kebele in Dilla town using acommunity-based cross-sectional study design. The data gathered was entered into Epidata 4.6 and exported to SPSS 26 for coding, cleaning, and further analysis. Binary logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. In bivariate analysis, variables with a p-value less than 0.25 are taken into multivariate analysis, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 are declared statistically significant and reported by using an adjusted odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results are presented through narrative texts, tables, and figures. Results: 272 respondents have participated in the study; the mean age of participants was 26.21 (SD 4.952). Respondents who scored equal and above the mean of 149 (54.8%) had good knowledge. Respondents who attended college or university were four times more knowledgeable than those who were not educated (AOR = 3.937; 95% CI: 1.175-13.194). Age is significantly associated with first aid practice. Study participants categorized in the age group >=33 were six times more likely to practice first aid than those in the age group under 17–24(AOR=5.516:95%CI:1.756–17.325). Conclusion and Recommendation: The study found that almost half of the MC drivers have adequate knowledge of first aid. The majority of respondents believed that first aid was important,but their first aid practice was inadequate. First-aid practice was found to have a statistically significant relationship with age. First aid training should be given to all MC drivers to improve their knowledge of first aid. Although there is no licensure to drive and age is not restricted, all stakeholders promptly apply formally for licensure to drive a motorcycle as well as implement laws and precautions.
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    Pattern and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-08) Kefyalew Merahi; Azazh Aklilu; Kebede Sofia; Melkie Addisu
    Background:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem, causing morbidity in 13 million people annually, among which, 85% occur in developing countries. It is therefore one of important issue in Africa where there is resource limitation at large, and appreciation of its pattern can help understand it’s causes,complications and outcome better which are determinants for its early prevention and management. ObjectiveTo evaluate Patterns and outcome of AKI patients who are admitted in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital(TASH)Adult Emergency Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methodology Prospective Crossectional study was done from August 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019.:The research was done at TASH adult ED. SPSS software version 25 was used for analysis. The area selected for this research was TASH adult emergency unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia where the sample was collected from the patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria. SPSS software was used for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done for identification of mortality predictors. Patients’ laboratory results on admission and discharge were compared by paired samples T-test. Survival time was estimated by Kapan- Meier and log rank test with a 95% CI. A P-value of <0.05 was considered to denote statistical significance. ResultA total of 144 cases of AKI were included in the study. The mean age of presentation at a younger age of 46.16 ± 16.6. The most common causes of AKI were Sepsis (43.2%), volume depletion (25%), cardio renal syndrome-1(16%) and obstructive uropathy (16%). Uremic encephalopathy, sepsis and hyperkalemia were factors that were identified as mortality predictors in overall AKI patients. AKI patients with sepsis were found to have lower hospital survival than those without sepsis. From the laboratory findings, there was significant difference between creatinine values on admission and discharge. Conclusion As sepsis was the dominant cause of AKI as well as mortality predictor and cause of lower hospital survival, early initiation of antibiotics in the Emergency unit would be beneficial in order to improve the in hospital outcome of patients with AKI.
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    Pattern and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-08) Kefyalew Merahi; Azazh Aklilu; Kebede Sofia; Melkie Addisu
    Background:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem, causing morbidity in 13 million people annually, among which, 85% occur in developing countries. It is therefore one of important issue in Africa where there is resource limitation at large, and appreciation of its pattern can help understand it’s causes,complications and outcome better which are determinants for its early prevention and management. ObjectiveTo evaluate Patterns and outcome of AKI patients who are admitted in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital(TASH)Adult Emergency Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methodology Prospective Crossectional study was done from August 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019.:The research was done at TASH adult ED. SPSS software version 25 was used for analysis. The area selected for this research was TASH adult emergency unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia where the sample was collected from the patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria. SPSS software was used for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done for identification of mortality predictors. Patients’ laboratory results on admission and discharge were compared by paired samples T-test. Survival time was estimated by Kapan- Meier and log rank test with a 95% CI. A P-value of <0.05 was considered to denote statistical significance. ResultA total of 144 cases of AKI were included in the study. The mean age of presentation at a younger age of 46.16 ± 16.6. The most common causes of AKI were Sepsis (43.2%), volume depletion (25%), cardio renal syndrome-1(16%) and obstructive uropathy (16%). Uremic encephalopathy, sepsis and hyperkalemia were factors that were identified as mortality predictors in overall AKI patients. AKI patients with sepsis were found to have lower hospital survival than those without sepsis. From the laboratory findings, there was significant difference between creatinine values on admission and discharge. Conclusion As sepsis was the dominant cause of AKI as well as mortality predictor and cause of lower hospital survival, early initiation of antibiotics in the Emergency unit would be beneficial in order to improve the in hospital outcome of patients with AKI.