Browsing by Author "Kebebew, Getachew"
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Item Experimental Study on Sheep Infested With Bovicola Ovis and Melophagus Ovinus of Pathological Changes, Processed Skin Defect and Effect of Treatment in Improving Skin Quality(Addis Ababauniversity, 2015-10) Kebebew, Getachew; Dr. Demissie, TilayeExperimental study was conducted from January, 2015 to August, 2015 on sheep experimentally infested by B .ovis and M. ovinus with the objective of identifying specific pathological changes they induce, the type of defect at pickle and their effect on skin quality and effect of treatment on resumption of skin to normal state. For this purpose, thirty indigenous sheep of Arsi origin approximately 18 months age were bought from market. They were treated against infection and parasites and kept for a month to stabilize them before the commencement of the experiment. The sheep were then grouped in to five groups each with six individual sheep as non-infested control, B .ovis infested untreated, B .ovis infested treated, M. ovinus infested untreated and M. ovinus infested treated. B .ovis and M. ovinus were manually collected from donor sheep; identified, counted and then infested at 500 B .ovis and 50 M. ovinus per sheep to the respective treatment groups. All groups were managed under similar condition and followed for 95 days and Sheep within the infested treated groups were treated with diazinon and followed for additional 30 days. The total WBC count was increased in B .ovis and M. ovinus infested groups compared to non-infested control group. However, the statistically significant was only for groups infested by M. ovinus (P< 0.05). In all infested groups the differential leukocyte count was increased; nevertheless, the significant difference was only for eosinophil (P <0.05). The common gross lesions noticed were skin discoloration with excreta, crust formation, macules and erythema for M. ovinus and B .ovis with slight difference in intensity of lesion. Microscopically, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis were more severe in groups infested by M. ovinus than B .ovis. The density of inflammatory cells infiltrating dermis was severely intensive in groups infested by M. ovinus than B .ovis. In groups that were treated, the gross pathological lesions except skin discoloration were totally disappeared within 30 days; nonetheless, the microscopic lesions persisted with a decrease in number of inflammatory cells specifically that of eosinophils. At pickle stage M. ovinus was characterized by large elevated cockles and B .ovis by extensive but small cockles. All processed skins from B.ovis and M. ovinus infested groups degraded and lied toward the stages of moderate x grades (5 or 6) and less which is very poor. In treated group 50% of the processed skins from B .ovis were improved in quality and were lied to grades 1 to 4 (very good to good) but only 33% of skin from M. ovinus were improved and lied to 1 to 4 grades. It could be concluded that infestation by B .ovis and M. ovinus cause severe to mild gross pathological lesions however severe microscopic lesions to sheep skin and reduced the quality of processed skin from top grades to low grade. Definitely treatment improves skin quality but not in all affected skin, and varies between B .ovis and M. ovinus. Keywords: B.ovis, Cockle, Ethiopia, Experiment, Lesion, M. ovinus, Sheep, SkinItem Exploring Prospects and Challenges of Child Protection Practices in Arada and Lideta Sub-Cities in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Kebebew, Getachew; Kebede (PhD), WassieThis study was designed to exploring prospects and challenges of child protection practices in Arada and Lideta Sub-Cities in Addis Ababa .Child abuse is one of the burning social problems globally. In developing countries like Ethiopia, child abuse is an increasing problem. In response to this, many countries are adopting the international child protection laws and developing their own national strategies to maintain the wellbeing of children. However, these international and national efforts are being challenged by many factors. Participants in this research were Arada sub- city Woreda four, nine and ten police men and parents and Lideta First Instance Court judges and social workers. Nine (males=5 and females=4) participants were selected using purposive sampling techniques. This study employed a qualitative research method with case study design. Data were collected using, semi-structured in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, document analysis and systematic observation. The results of the study indicated that Ledeta Federal First Instance Court and social work office provided free psycho-social and legal support for abused children, witness using CCTV and initiating child friendly justice, adoption and custody, justice for abused children without swear, child-family bench counseling. Moreover, Arada sub-city Woreda four, nine and ten police stations practiced protecting children from being beaten, physical attack, sexual abuse and psychological attacks. Lack of special rest rooms at some police stations, loosely execution of child protection laws, delay in reporting child abuse cases, absence of valid evidences of child abuse, escape of criminals particularly abusers on street children, repeated postponements of the court due to process; lack of awareness to bring cases of abused children to the court and inability to understand and explain the nature of the abuse by children are identified as the major challenges of child protection practices in the study areas. Despite of these challenges, the presence of child-friendly bench, the involvements of social work professionals in court juice system, separated rooms for treating abused children in social work office, the family bench counseling services, the use of CCTV Camera, the involvement of some international NGOs are some of the good practice and that have bright feature prospects for child protection practices. Key words: Child, Child protection, abuse, child abuseItem Exploring Prospects and Challenges of Child Protection Practices in Arada and Lideta Sub-Cities in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Kebebew, Getachew; Kebede (PhD), WassieThis study was designed to exploring prospects and challenges of child protection practices in Arada and Lideta Sub-Cities in Addis Ababa .Child abuse is one of the burning social problems globally. In developing countries like Ethiopia, child abuse is an increasing problem. In response to this, many countries are adopting the international child protection laws and developing their own national strategies to maintain the wellbeing of children. However, these international and national efforts are being challenged by many factors. Participants in this research were Arada sub- city Woreda four, nine and ten police men and parents and Lideta First Instance Court judges and social workers. Nine (males=5 and females=4) participants were selected using purposive sampling techniques. This study employed a qualitative research method with case study design. Data were collected using, semi-structured in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, document analysis and systematic observation. The results of the study indicated that Ledeta Federal First Instance Court and social work office provided free psycho-social and legal support for abused children, witness using CCTV and initiating child friendly justice, adoption and custody, justice for abused children without swear, child-family bench counseling. Moreover, Arada sub-city Woreda four, nine and ten police stations practiced protecting children from being beaten, physical attack, sexual abuse and psychological attacks. Lack of special rest rooms at some police stations, loosely execution of child protection laws, delay in reporting child abuse cases, absence of valid evidences of child abuse, escape of criminals particularly abusers on street children, repeated postponements of the court due to process; lack of awareness to bring cases of abused children to the court and inability to understand and explain the nature of the abuse by children are identified as the major challenges of child protection practices in the study areas. Despite of these challenges, the presence of child-friendly bench, the involvements of social work professionals in court juice system, separated rooms for treating abused children in social work office, the family bench counseling services, the use of CCTV Camera, the involvement of some international NGOs are some of the good practice and that have bright feature prospects for child protection practices. Key words: Child, Child protection, abuse, child abuse