Browsing by Author "Jirata Shiferaw"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Characterization of Lesions in Diseased Fishes; Isolation and Identification of Edwardsiella Tarda from Selected Lakes and Ponds of Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021) Rediet Wolde; Jirata Shiferaw
    Fish is a nutritious animal rich in protein and consumed by many peoples throughout the world. A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted from December 2020 to May 2021 with the objectives of lesion characterization in diseased fishes, isolation, and identification of Edwardsiella tarda. From Batu, Langano, and Babogaya lakes and ponds in Bishoftu, a total of sixty fishes were examined for gross lesions. Skin, muscle, gill, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart were collected for microscopic lesion characterization and Edwardsiella tarda isolation. Grossly, few lesions were observed. Out of 60 samples, 25% (n=15) were positive for Edwardsiella tarda by conventional PCR. A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the frequency of identifying E.tarda between the three study areas and four fish species. After the histopathological process and staining, tissues were divided into two based on E. tarda confirmation. Gills from Edwardsiella tarda positive fishes revealed hyperplasia, focal necrosis, and swelling of the lamellar epithelium. Microscopic lesions in the liver include nuclear condensation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and swelling of hepatocytes. Lesions in the hepatic blood vessels comprise severe hyperplasia of the endothelium, hyperemia, and elastic fibers in the intima of hepatic artery. Kidneys of Edwardsiella tarda positive fishes had suppurative interstitial nephritis, melano-macrophage deposition in interstitium, and interstitial hemosiderin deposition. Examination showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal area necrosis of the epidermis, lymphocyte infiltration in muscle, and accumulation of hemosiderin pigments in spleen. Microscopic lesions in Edwardsiella tarda negative fishes indicated significant changes like lamellar epithelial degeneration with vacuolation, and total necrosis of structure in gill, periportal hepatitis, and hepato-necrosis with vacuolation of liver, glomerulitis, multifocal tubulointerstitial nephritis, epithelial cells degeneration and cloudy swelling in kidney, dermal edema in skin and myocarditis with fibrosis of heart. Based on the study several lesions were identified from diseased fishes. Thus, further studies on lesion characterization in diseased fishes of different species with large sample sizes and study area should be conducted.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Experimental Study on Pathological Changes and Performance Variations in Chickens Challenged by Eimeria Tenella under Different Genotype, Age and Nutrition Status
    (Addis Abeba University, 2022) Misgana Tefera; Jirata Shiferaw
    Eimeria tenella is a Protozoa which is a causative agent of avian coccidiosis. The disease cause bleeding in the cecum, diarrhea, high morbidity and mortality in chickens. The experimental study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2022 at the ILRI poultry research facility in Addis Ababa. First experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of Eimeria infection at different feeding regimes on chicken pathological changes and productivity diversity in adult Sasso T451A and Bovans brown breeds. Chickens were infected with 1 x 104 oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Three factors; feeding regimes, challenges level and breeds of chicken were seen to evaluate the effects of parasite. The results showed that Bovans brow feeds deficient infected group had significantly higher (P < 0.05) gut lesions as compared to the control group. Production performance of feed restricted groups was significantly low as compared to optimum feeding but there was no significantly difference (P < 0.05) in production performance between infected and control groups. The second experimental study investigated oocysts output, lesion scores, PCV, pathological changes and production performance following artificial intubation of 3 x 104 of Eimeria tenella oocysts. The results show that lesion scores in Sasso was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than Bovans brown on day 4 post-infection. PCV of infected chicken was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at day 8 post-infection in both breeds, similarly oocyst count and lesion score in the infected group of chicken was higher at day 8 than day 4 post-infection, this indicate that the infection was more severe at day 8 post-infection. Histopathological examination result of infected chicken by E. tenella was observed with infiltration of inflammatory cell in the cecum tissue. Therefore, the current result showed that the effect of E. tenella on infected chicken intestine had developed pathological lesions than non-infected groups of chickens.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Lesion Characterization of Organs and Isolation of Marek’s Disease Virus in Chickens in Different Poultry Farms of Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2022) Takuma Fetene; Jirata Shiferaw
    A cross sectional study was conducted on clinically diseased chickens suspected of Marek’s disease (MD) virus infection on three intensive commercial poultry farms from January, 2022 to May, 2022 in Bishoftu town. Clinical and post-mortem examination was conducted on 70 chickens suspected of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection, virus isolation on chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) and molecular detection of Marek’s disease virus using real-time PCR was conducted. In most of the examined chickens, classical signs of MD were observed while some did not show any clinical sign. Out of the 70 necropsied chicken, atrophy of the Bursa of Fabricius was observed in 44 (62.8%), ‘gray eye’ and skin nodules in 2 (2.85%), hepatomegaly in 38 (54.2%), splenomegaly in 16 (22.85%), ovary nodules in 2 (2.85%), kidney and lung nodules in 3 (4.28%), and heart nodules in 7 (10%) chickens. Peripheral nerve enlargement was not observed in any of the examined chickens. 65 feather follicles and 5 spleen samples were collected in viral transport media from the 70 clinically examined chickens under sterile condition. Molecular detection and confirmation of MDV was done using real-time PCR on the 70 samples and 53 (75.71%) of the feather follicle samples came out to be positive. Isolation of MDV was performed on CEF cell culture. Out of the 7 pooled samples, virus was isolated from 5 (72.42%). The isolates developed characteristic cytopathic effects of rounding of cells and plaques starting from the 5th day of 2nd and 3rd blind passage. Histopathological examination of 17 tissue samples of the sciatic nerves, liver, spleen, ovary, heart and lungs revealed heavy lymphocytic infiltration and multifocal lymphocytic nodules and also lymphocytic depletion was observed in the spleen. This study has confirmed the circulation of MDV in the study area showing clinical signs, lesions and cellular changes. Therefore, further study on the gross and histopathological lesions, isolation andmolecularcharacterization of MDV, targeting different breeds, age group, and geographical areas on backyard and commercial poultry farms in Ethiopia is recommended
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Lesion Characterization, Associated Risk Factors and Financial Impact of Hydatid Cyst of Dromedary Camels Slaughtered at Addis Ababa Akaki Kality Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2022) Elias Gezaw; Jirata Shiferaw
    A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 to characterize hydatid cyst lesions, analyze associated risk factors and estimate the annual direct financial loss due to hydatid cyst infected organs condemnation during postmortem examination in dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa Akaki Kality Municipal abattoir, Ethiopia. A total of 370 camels were purposively sampled and systemic meat inspection was employed to detect the presence of hydatid cyst. Out of 370 examined dromedary camels in different organs, 96 (25.9%) camels were found harboring hydatid cyst. The percentage of hydatid cyst in adult camels were 29.67%; OR= 1.54 while in young it was 18.55%. Likewise, the prevalence of hydatid cyst in poor, medium and good body condition score was 61.4%; OR= 10.79, 30.89%; OR= 3.30 and 12.11% respectively. The current results indicated that age and body condition score were significantly (P<0.05) associated with the prevalence of hydatid cyst. The prevalence of hydatid cyst in male dromedary camel was (14.59%) found higher than female (11.35%). The prevalence of hydatid cyst in camels originated from Borana, East Hararge, Jigjiga, Karrayyu, Matahara, Minjarshenkora and Wollo were 9.18%, 0.54%, 4.86%, 3.51%, 3.78%, 1.08% and 2.97%, respectively. The result indicated, origin and sex didn’t have significant association (P>0.05) with the prevalence of hydatid cyst. Out of 96 totally infected camels, only 9 (9.38%) cases had hydatid cyst on both lung and liver while the remaining 87 (90.62%) cases had hydatid cysts only in single organ. Of 105 totally infected organs, percentage of distribution of hydatid cyst in lungs, livers, spleen and heart were 87.61%, 10.47%, 0.95% and 0.95% respectively. Grossly, hydatid cyst of lung had a shape of cotton ball, implanted in lung parenchyma, filled with clear to slightly turbid fluid, soft and malleable to touch and inside white germinal layer while hydatid cyst of the livers was firm, calcified and strong when it was about to be cut off. Microscopically, hydatid cyst structure overlying organs had a fibrous layer on the external (pericyst), an acellular eosinophilic laminated membrane layer on the middle (ectocyst) and a germinal layer internally (endocyst) and protoscolices were also seen in a lung section. Fibrous layer had infiltration of epitheliod macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils showed inflammatory response to hydatid cyst layer and cellular infiltration was lessened when they went away from hydatid cysts. Histopathology of lungs infected with hydatid cyst displayed massive alveolar damage, some alveoli were emphysematous, congested, hemorrhagic and atelectatic in the fibrous layer. In hydatid cyst infected liver histology, there was hemorrhage, hepatocyte degeneration and cytoplasmic swelling with dilation of nucleus in fibrous layer. The total annual direct financial loss due to hydatid cyst was estimated to be 86,209.63 Ethiopian birr. As conclusion, this study helps to identify pathological patterns, prevalence and financial impact of hydatid cysts at Addis Ababa Akaki Kality Municipal abattoir. So that creation of public awareness and control of stray dogs were suggested recommendation.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Pathological Characterization of Lesions and Bacteriological Isolation of Causative Agents of Swine Tuberculosis at Bishoftu and Addis Ababa Abattoirs, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
    (2018-06) Jirata Shiferaw; Tilaye Demissie
    A cross sectional study was conducted at Bishoftu and Addis Ababa Abattoirs from September 2017 to May 2018 to estimate abattoir based prevalence of tuberculosis in swine, to isolate Mycobacterium species involved and to characterize the lesions. Five hundred and fifty six (556) swine were examined. Tubercle like granulomatous lesion were detected in 19.6% (109/556) of different organs of which 12% (69/556) was in lymph nodes, 5.7% (32/556) in the lungs, 1% (6/556) in the liver and 0.36% (2/556) in the spleen. Based on microscopic changes 4.7% (26/556) of lesions were tuberculous granulomatous type with central necrosis, calcified foci, epitheloid cells admixed with lymphocyte and connective tissue boundries, 3.6% (20/556) pyogranulomatous and 2.5% (14/556) non necrotic granulomatous lesion without epitheloid cells and connective tissue capsules. In lymph nodes, severe depletion of lymphocytes, calcification, cellular debris and aggregation of macrophages were observed microscopically. The tuberculous lesions found in lymph node were statistically significant (P < 0.05) than in other organs. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that old aged swine were more likely to have characteristic tuberculous lesion (OR = 3.14, 95% CI, 1.62-6.09) than younger ones. From the tissue cultured, 7.5% (3/40) yield growth on primary culture media. The observed colony morphology was smooth whitish or yellowish color, sticky, off-white and breaks apart easily and two (5% (2/40)) of these growth were acid fast positive by Zeihl-Neelsen staining technique. Based on culture result, and typical histopathologic lesions it could be concluded that pork can be source of tuberculosis to human when consumed under cooked and routine abattoir inspections should be conducted. Therefore, further molecular and biochemical research to isolate the species of microbacteria is highly recommended to elucidate the type of lesion and its magnitude in different body organs by considering large number of swine.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Pathological Characterization of Pulmonary Lesion and Identification of Associated Bacteria and Parasite in Sheep and Goat at Dessie Municipal Abattoir, Northeast Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Nuredin Teshale; Jirata Shiferaw
    Lung is susceptible and vulnerable to many infectious and non-infectious agents. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 2022 and May 2023 on major pulmonary lesion of sheep and goat slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir with the objective of characterizing the pulmonary pathological lesions, and isolating and identifying potential aerobic bacteria and parasite from pneumonic lung. A total of 420 (302 sheep and 118 goats) were examined for pulmonary lesions using standard techniques. Additionally, detailed histopathological investigation was also conducted on purposively selected lung lesions. Besides, pneumonic lesions were subjected to bacteriological and parasitological analysis. The overall abattoir prevalence of pulmonary abnormalities in sheep and goat was 341 (81.2%). The common gross lesions encountered were Pneumonia (55.5%), emphysema (7.1%), atelectasis (3.3%), Hydatid cyst (4.3%), congestion (2.4%), haemorrhage (3.1%), adhesion (0.7%), Melanosis (0.9%), and Bronchoectasis (0.7%). Pneumonia, hydatidosis, and pulmonary emphysema were significantly associated (p<0.05) with animal age groups. In the current studies, pneumonia was the most common disorder, accounting for 233 (55.5%). Dictyocaulus filaria (47.7%), Mullerius capillaries (23.2%) and Protostrongylus rufescens (17.16%) were isolated lung worm parasites. Whereas E. coli (20.6%), Klebsiella Pneumoniae (12.7%), Mannheimia haemolytica (10.8%), Streptococcus species (4.9%), Staphylococcus aurous (7.8%) and Pasteurella multocida (2.9%), Pseudomonas (6.9%), Proteus (1.9%), Cornybacterium (1%) were the isolated bacteria. Additionally, 18 (4.3%) Hydatid cysts were identified. The pulmonary lesion of sheep and goats in the study are relatively high prevalent and therefore, have great health and economic impacts. To formulate feasible and affordable control measures, more research on the causes of problems of the respiratory organs, as well as the isolation and identification of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is necessary.