Browsing by Author "Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)"

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    Challenges and Prospects of Ecotourism Development the case of Kelala woreda, in South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Kidanemariam, Aregawi; Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)
    This thesis was conducted in Amhara Regional State, South Wollo Zone Kelala Woreda with the aim of identifying the main challenges and prospects of ecotourism development in the study area. Three Kebeles having different potential and actual ecotourism sites were purposively selected. Both the qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in collecting and analyzing the data. The total number of the household heads of the selected Kebeles was 1526 and out of this universal population 94 sample household were selected using a random sampling method. In addition to questionnaire Key Informant Interview, Focus Group Discussion and review of secondary sources were made. This work attempted to reveal the presence of potential and actual tourism and ecotourism sites in the study area, and the main challenges of ecotourism development and the possible solutions of this challenges which hinder the expansion and development of ecotourism identified. Hence, the major obstacle of tourism/ecotourism in the areas are found to the absence of due attention towards the sector by the stakeholders. The findings of the study indicated that, the majority of (72.3%) local communities want to take part in decision making process of tourism in their local area. In general, local people want to see decisions about tourism development in their area made by consulting local people. Local communities acknowledge that tourism provides employment opportunities, encourages a variety of cultural activities and meeting tourists promotes cross cultural exchange. Therefore, the researcher recommended that, the government organizations should provide trainings, advice and loans so that local communities can participate in tourism development.Key words: Ecotourism, Tourism, Potential/Actual tourist Attraction, Tourism challenges & prospects, off-farm activity
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    GIS And Remote Sensing Based Assessment of the Population Pressure on Land Use/Land Cover Change of Legedadi Catchments Area and Its Impact on the Legedadi Water Reservior, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Mekonnen, Dilnesa; Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)
    In the last thirty years in LCA which is one of the source of surface water for the city of Addis Ababa, existed population pressure which is responsible for LULCC. The main objective of this study is examine the population pressure on LULC change of LCA and its consequence on LWR. In this thesis, data on population over time were taken from CSA and Bereh Wereda during 1984-2014 census result, RS image of 1984, 1999 and 2014 to detect the LULCC using maximum likelihood supervision, AAWSA data to investigate the relationship of LWR and LULCC, questioner, FGD and KII were used to attain the proposed research objectives. The population growth in LCA shows that it is more than double within three decades. The population pressure over the last thirty years in LCA where examined by using PPI and the finding indicates that the population pressure increased from 1984-2014.The GIS and RS analysis results confirms that the LULCC observed, Settlement showed an increase of 134 % and followed by Cultivation by 118.2%. While natural vegetation, eucalyptus, grassland and water body decreased by -25.7%, -28.1,-32% and -10.8% respectively. The correlation result of population growth and LULCC of the study area shows that there was a strong positive relationship between population growth and LULCC. The correlation result of LWR and LULCC also indicates an impact of LULCC on volume of water and the amount of siltation through time. From the analysis of the socio economic situation of households to identify the proximate and underlying causes of the LULCC, the results suggested that LULCC were closely associated with human activities. Keywords: Population growth, PPI, GIS, Remote Sensing, LULC, TM, ETM+, Correlation
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    Impact of Urban Sprawl on Farmlands: the case of Sebeta Town, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Adugna, Dejene; Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)
    Urbanization ensued urban sprawl that is an avoidable phenomenon which ultimately converts the agricultural land into built environment Urban Sprawl negatively impacts the farmers’ livelihood as well as agricultural production and consumption of the surrounding area. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the level and impact of urban sprawl on the farmlands of Sebeta town.GIS and remote sensing were used to analyze the phenomena of agricultural land transformation into urban land use. The change detection method has been applied to investigateLULCC.In order to achieve these, satellite data of Land sat TM for 1986, ETM for 2000 and 2016 have been obtained and processed using ERDAS Imagine. The Maximum Likelihood Algorithm of Supervised Classification has been used to generate land use and land cover maps. For the accuracy of classified Land Use/Land Cover maps, a confusion matrix was used to derive overall accuracy and results were above the minimum and acceptable threshold level. The satellite image results show that urban land increased by 224.1ha (1.5%) and 3851.0ha (25.2%) respectively in the first, the second and the entire study periods. Rural settlement increased in the first period and remained stagnant in the second period. Grassland was the most converted cover type during the entire study period .In the30years, croplands expanded by over 57.9%of the original forest cover of what existed at the base year. The impact of this LULC change is more significant on the socioeconomic condition and status of the study area. The findings showed loss of farmland and displacement of the households who had been involved in farming. In general, high rate of urban expansion (3627 ha/1618.4%) over the last thirty years led to the loss of large agricultural land. The major corrective measures could be improvements on the spatial planning which could balance the land demand of urban areas and shrinking of agricultural land in and in the fringes of Sebeta town. Key words: urban sprawl, displacement, farming community, periphery peri-urban, rural –urban, urban interface, urban -fringe
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    Patterns and Determinants of Household Energy Consumption among Destitute Families in Althad Village of Woreda 8, Bole Sub-City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-10) Kussa, Birhane; Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)
    The advancement of human civilization, economic and social activities, agriculture, mining, industrialization and also improvements in the standard of living and public health are all dependent upon an adequate supply of energy. The main objective of this study is to assess the patterns and determinants of household energy consumption among poor family in woreda 8 of Althad village. The necessary data for this study were obtained from randomly selected 156 sampling households. Questionnaire was administered to these selected households. Percentage and simple correlation techniques have been used to analyze the data. Analysis of the survey data shows that multiple types of energy are commonly used by individual sample households for day to day household energy requirement. These energy sources include, traditional (fuel wood, charcoal, leaves and saw dust) and modern (electricity and kerosene). The households when faced with shortage of energy sources, they cope up with it in different mechanism. The result shows that the largest share of the domestic energy comes from the modern fuels in terms of expenditure and gross energy consumed. However, the majority of the people depend on traditional fuels. The study also reveals that the amount of monthly expenditure on different types of household energy varies depending upon the types of energy sources, which mainly determined by household income, size and appliance. The amount of both gross and useful domestic energy consumed increases with the increase of household income. Relatively higher income households consume more energy, while low income households utilize inadequate energy. Large share of low income groups consume traditional fuels. It is recommended that the low-income group should be encouraged as far as feasible to use modern fuels like electricity and fossil fuels such as kerosene and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) through the use of proper stoves and appliance. The adequate provisions of modern fuels even if subsidized to a certain extents by the government and NGOs. Keywords: Poor, households
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    Suitability Analysis of Solid Waste Disposal Site Using GIS Techniques for Sululta Town: Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Kenate, Lamessa; Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)
    Generation of solid waste is immensely increasing as the rate of population influx into urban area is increasing. This condition demands scientific approach of solid waste disposal site selection for proper urban solid waste management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify suitable solid waste disposal site that consider environmental friendly, economically cost effective and socially acceptable in Sululta Town, Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, by using the geographical information system and the analytic hierarchy process. The criteria for site selection used are slope, surface material, geological feature, hydro geological feature, distance from the water body, prevailing wind direction, distance from built-up areas, and distance from the main roads. Multi-criteria evaluation methods are used for solid waste disposal site selection. The final weighted model was grouped as unsuitable, least suitable, moderately suitable, and suitable site. The results of the analysis show that 7% of the study area was suitable for solid waste disposal, 10% moderately suitable, 21% least suitable and 62% of the total area is unsuitable. Evaluating those potential suitable solid waste disposal sites was made through determinant criteria such as distance from river, size of the site, wind direction, distance from built up area and distance from main roads so as to choose the best suitable site. However, evaluation of candidate sites in relation to their size shows that all suitable solid waste disposal site 1(24 ha), 2(30 ha), 3(69 ha) and 4(300 ha) with area coverage of more than 24 ha, are equally suitable sites as it could serve for longer years. But, from the wind direction perspective, the dominant wind blows from southern direction followed by south eastern which posed further pollution to the down central town residents if the site determined along the area. Hence, suitable solid waste disposal site 1 was more preferable site than other sites in terms of many set criteria and proposed best suitable site for solid waste disposal in the town. Key words: Suitability, Solid waste disposal site, Analytical Hierarchical Process
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    Urban Expansion and its Impact on the Livelihood of Peripheral Farming Communities: The Case Of Kutaber Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Yimam, Ahlam; Gurmessa, Fekadu (PhD)
    Currently, urban expansion is becoming a big problems in sub-Saharan African countries as they are expanded without well planed urbanization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess Urban Expansion and its Impact on Peripheral Farming Communities: the Case of Kutaber town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. GIS and remote sensing were used to analyze the phenomena of agricultural land transformation into urban land use. Having employing the descriptive research methods, the researcher collected data based on survey on 145 households, those who were displaced and hence whose livelihood had been adversely affected. Research questionnaire, key informants' interviews, the researcher's participatory observation, GPS data, Satellite Image and documentary resources were tools to collect data. Data sources were of both quantitative and qualitative data collection. The change detection method has been applied to investigate LULCC. In order to achieve these, satellite data of Landsat TM for 1986, ETM for 2000 and 2016 have been obtained and processed using ERDAS IMAGINE 2013. The Maximum Likelihood Algorithm of Supervised Classification has been used to generate land use/land cover maps. For the accuracy of classified Land use/Land cover maps, a confusion matrix was used to derive overall accuracy and results were above the minimum and maximum threshold level. . The satellite image results show that built up areas increased by 32.887km2(38.025%), 18.36km2(21.228%) and 51.247km2 (59.254%) respectively in the first, the second and the entire study periods. While farm land, grass land, forest land, water body, shrub land and bare land decreased in both first, second and in the entire study periods, respondents who have income 41-50quintal decreased from 0.7% to 0%, 31-40quintals from 5.5% to 0.7%, 21-30quintal from 20% to 6.9% and 11-20quintal from 44.1% to 35.2%, and decreased livestock, before urban expansion these households had the an average oxen of 2.22, cows 2.83, sheep 13.72, and goats 10.47. But after then, currently, these households had the average oxen 0.92, cows 0.95, sheep 3.01 and goats 2.42 and increased displacement of the households who had been involved in farming. Key Terms: Urban expansion, peripheral farming communities, displacement, compensation, Land use/land cover change