Browsing by Author "Bekele, Daniel"

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    Afaan Oromo-English Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval (Clir): A Corpus Based Approach
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Bekele, Daniel; Teferi, Dereje (PhD)
    The goal of Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is to provide users with access to information that is in a different language from their queries. It has the ability to issue a query in one language and retrieve documents in another. This is achieved by designing a system where a query in one language can be compared with documents in another. Afaan Oromo is one of the major languages that are widely spoken and used in Ethiopia. Despite the fact that Afaan Oromo has a large number of speakers, little effort has been put in conducting researches which aim at making English documents available to Afaan Oromo speakers. This study is, therefore, an attempt to develop Afaan Oromo-English CLIR system which enables Afaan Oromo native speakers to access and retrieve the vast online information sources that are available in English by writing queries using their own (native) language. In this study, the development of a corpus-based CLIR system which makes use of wordbased query translation for Afaan Oromo-English language pairs and evaluation of the system on a corpus of test documents and queries prepared for this purpose is described. This approach requires the availability of parallel documents hence such documents are collected from Bible chapters, legal and some available religious documents. Evaluation of the system is conducted by both monolingual and bilingual retrievals. In the monolingual run, the Afaan Oromo queries are given to the system and Afaan Oromo documents are retrieved while in the bilingual run the Afaan Oromo queries are given to the system after being translated into English to retrieve English documents. For the bilingual run translation of Afaan Oromo queries into their English equivalent is done by using bilingual dictionary constructed from the collected parallel corpora. The performance of the system was measured by recall and precision. In the first phase of the experimentation, the maximum average precision value of 0.421and 0.304 are obtained for the Afaan Oromo and English documents respectively. The second phase of experimentation performs slightly better than the first. Maximum average precision value of 0.468 and 0.316 are obtained for the Afaan Oromo and English documents respectively. Therefore, with the use of large and cleaned parallel Afaan Oromo-English document collections, it is possible to develop CLIR for the language pairs.
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    An Analysis of the Ethiopian Legal Framework For The Formation and Operation of Civil Society Organizations
    (Addis Ababa University, 2001-07) Bekele, Daniel; Aberra, Getachew (PhD)
    This research work presents an analysis of the Ethiopian legal Famework that governs the formation and operation of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). The objective of the research work has been to assess the adequacy of the existing legal regime and practices that govern the formation and operation ofCSOs. The central argument of the research work is a positive assertion that the existing legal framework and practices for the civil society sector is inadequate which in turn affects the contribution of the sector towards the development process of the country. The paper begins by selling out the role of CSOs in the development process and the importance of a legal framework that governs the sector. This discussion shows how CSOs have increasingly came to be accepted as one of the key actors in the development process both at a global and the national level. After having established the role of CSOs in the development process, the paper examines the legal framework that governs this sector. Examination of the legal framework for the civil society sector begins by a literature review on the over all role of law in the development process. The discussion on this subject identifies the crucial role of law in the development process at large and the social, political and economic rationales on why a country should want to have a legal framework that governs the civil society sector. The paper continues to provide a survey of the existing laws and regulations that govern the sector in Ethiopia and tries to identify major practical issues of the legal framework, which have constrained the formation and operation of CSOs. The research work has identified a set of practical problems that the sector is facing both in formation and operation. The issues are identified on the basis of a series of consultation with practitioners of the sector and other well-placed observers. The analysis on these issues proves the central argument that the existing legal framework for CSOs is inadequate and hence the need for adopting a comprehensive legal regime that enables the formation and operation of CSOs. Such a new comprehensive legislation responsive to the needs of the sector will help to maximize the contribution of the sector towards the development effort of the country.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-01) Bekele, Daniel; Deressa, Wakgari (Prof.); Abagero, Abdulnasir (MPH, PhD fellow)
    Introduction: Cholera is a diarrheal infection caused by gram -negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae,either type O1 or O139. Globally in 2019, there were 923,037 cases and 1911 deaths of choler with case fatality rate of 0.2 and in Africa 55,087 of cases and 872 deaths with (CFR of 1.6). Since the beginning of 2017 and as of 7 May, Ethiopia has reported 32,689 acute watery diarrhea cases and 776 deaths with CFR 2.4%. Cholera could affect both Males and Females and remains a challenge to countries where access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation cannot be guaranteed. Cholera is usually transmitted through fecal contamination of water or food. We conducted cholera outbreak investigation, characterized cases by time, place, and persons and described the morbidity and mortality due cholera outbreak in West Arsi zone, Oromia region,Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Descriptive study was carried out among 167 cholera patients’ line list from September 29 to November 30, 2019. We defined cases, selected study participants and conducted descriptive analysis. We analyzed data using Microsoft excel 2010, calculated and described frequency, percentage, mean and median, attack rate (AR) and cases fatality (CFR). Results: A total of 164 cases and 3 deaths with CFR 1.8% were identified from the line list. Female were 94 (56.3%) and the median age for case was 12 years with range of (1.0-85.0). Highest proportions of cases 58 (34.7%) were within 5-14 age group and list affected 24 (14.4%) >44 age groups. Age specific case fatality rate was highest in > 44 years. Highest cases were reported from Shashamane 112(67%) district. The outbreak started from 15 th August and lasted over 18 December, 2019. Of the total cases 122 (73%) were severely dehydrated. Conclusion: Cholera outbreak with relatively increased overall attack and case fatality rate was conformed. Females affected more than males and the highest proportion of affected age group was above fifteen years of age. We recommend prevention of future outbreak and implementation of response measures to reduce morbidity and mortality and prospecting future strategies to prevent cholera outbreak in the zone.
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    The Essence of Accountability: and an Examination of the Practices of Ethiopian Television Newsroom
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Bekele, Daniel; Klement, Alice (Professor)
    This thesis examines whether Ethiopian Television’s current system of accountability encourages the ethical practice of journalism. It explores newsroom practices by highlighting journalism as a profession and examining journalistic ethical standards in general and journalistic responsibility and accountability in specific. It evaluates ETV’s editorial policy, noting to whom its journalists are accountable, examining gaps between newsroom policy and practices regarding accountability and gauging whether editorial policy encourages accountability. This study also reveals the newsroom’s institutional accountability rather than the journalists’ individual values. It also documents ETV shortfalls and omissions regarding accountability and suggests newsroom procedures to encourage it.
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    Factors Influencing Cost Overrun: The Case Of Water And Sanitation Construction Project In Addis Ababa In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Award Of Master Of Arts Degree In Project Management
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Bekele, Daniel; Assefa, Teklegiorgis(Associate Professor)
    Among the many problems in construction projects, cost overrun is one of the prominent problem which has been broadly published in different literatures related to construction. In order to solve the problem one should identify the factors of cost overrun. Thus, this survey study was conducted aiming to sort out and rank the factors of cost overrun on water and sanitation construction projects in Addis Ababa Water and Sanitation Agency. This study was done using purposive sampling technique and 60 practitioners were selected. Based on a comprehensive literature review, 54 factors linked to project cost overrun in AAWSA projects were sorted out. Using these factors questionnaires were designed and distributed to 60 practitioners to evaluate the significant factors that affect project cost overrun. As a result 10 top rated factors were identified and ranked based on severity, frequency and important index. These are underestimating time requirements, Poor project control (cost, schedule and quality), Contractual claim (extension of time), Delay in construction, Inadequate supply of raw materials and equipment by contractors, Delays between design and procurement phases, Lowest bidding procurement procedures, inflation, Design error and omissions and Inadequate preconstruction study. The ten top factors were the highest impacts on the performance of project cost overrun from the client’s, consultants’ and contractors’ perspective. In conclusion poor project and poor resource management were the significant factors for cost overrun in AAWSA projects.
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    The Propagator Formulation of Parametric Oscillation
    (Addis Ababa University, 1997-06) Bekele, Daniel; Kassahun, Dr. Fesseha
    Employing the Q-fun ctio ll formalism, we analyze the s(l ueezing spectrum and the photon number di strihution for the signal mode as well as the qlladralu re f1ue t uations, t he photon rHunlwr dis tribution arHI the spectrum of the inten sity-difreren ce flu ctuatio ns for th., sig nal -i(lIer modes generated ill PM"'- metric oscill ators operating below t hreshold . The Q-functio ll is obtained by solving the pertinenl Fokker-PlarH::k equat ion applying the method of evalu - ating the pro pagator developed by Ff'sspha [IJ. The task of eval uati ng the propa.ga.tor by means of this method psst'liti a lly reduces to the pro hlem of solv - ing the p e r ~ illent Euler-Lagrange equa.tio ns.
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    A Web Based Fire Accident Recording and Reporting System
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Bekele, Daniel; Midekso, Dida (PhD)
    The availability of fire accident data is crucial to effectively prevent and control fire accident and to produce fire safety management system. Reliable and relevant data can help identify the cause of the accident, to take precaution actions and to understand the degree of accident. This project work has designed and implemented a web based Fire Accident Recording and Reporting System (FARRS) with GIS enabled feature for Addis Ababa which will enable fire brigade fighters and other stakeholders to get reliable and summarized information about fire accident. System requirements have been rigorously collected from Addis Ababa Fire Accident and Emergency Prevention and Control Agency information team analysis department and literature review and related works which are used in other countries are also considered. The system has different subsystems to satisfy its main functionalities. The registration subsystem allows the fire fighter to record complete information about an accident. The report subsystem generates periodic reports which greatly reduce time and effort to prepare stakeholders specific reports. The system also allows interested users to view fire brigade stations on the map and other related information about them. The prototype has been tested with the actual data from the agency and it is found to be promising. Keywords: Fire
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    A Web Based Fire Accident Recording and Reporting System
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Bekele, Daniel; Midekso, Dida (PhD)
    The availability of fire accident data is crucial to effectively prevent and control fire accident and to produce fire safety management system. Reliable and relevant data can help identify the cause of the accident, to take precaution actions and to understand the degree of accident. This project work has designed and implemented a web based Fire Accident Recording and Reporting System (FARRS) with GIS enabled feature for Addis Ababa which will enable fire brigade fighters and other stakeholders to get reliable and summarized information about fire accident. System requirements have been rigorously collected from Addis Ababa Fire Accident and Emergency Prevention and Control Agency information team analysis department and literature review and related works which are used in other countries are also considered. The system has different subsystems to satisfy its main functionalities. The registration subsystem allows the fire fighter to record complete information about an accident. The report subsystem generates periodic reports which greatly reduce time and effort to prepare stakeholders specific reports. The system also allows interested users to view fire brigade stations on the map and other related information about them. The prototype has been tested with the actual data from the agency and it is found to be promising. Keywords: Fire