Browsing by Author "Assefa Meseret"

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    Histopathological Pattern of Central Nervous System Tumors:A 5-Year Retrospective Study, at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Assefa Meseret; Girma Yonas
    Introduction: Central nervous system tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, they differ not only in their histomorphological features but also have a distinct biological background and disease course. CNS tumors are confined to the brain, spinal cord, meninges, cranial and Para spinal nerves, with each tumor having its own features, location, morphology, prognosis and treatment. Objective:The purpose of this study is to provide the histopathological pattern of CNS tumors in a tertiary care center in Ethiopia. Material and method: A retrospective descriptive histopathological analysis of central nervous system tumors carried out in the Postgraduate Department of Pathology in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital (TAH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients data were retrieved from the archives of the department of Pathology for a period of 5 years from January 01, 2015 to August 31, 2019. Result:A total of 565 cases were analyzed and a wide range of histopathological diagnosis of CNS tumors was observed. Patients ages ranged from 2minths-80 years with a mean age of 36.9 years and a male to female ratio of 1:1.11. Majority of tumors had intracranial location (499 cases, 88.3%).Most of CNS tumors were low grade belonged to Grade I 70% followed by grade II 14. 8%. Tumors of meningeal tissue were most common 51.9% followed by neuroepithelial 24.2 %. When examining the data pertaining to specific types of tumors, most frequent typeofCNS tumorswasmeningioma(272 cases, 48.1 followed by astrocytoma (86 cases,15.2%) Conclusion: The present study thus reflects the histopathological patterns of CNS tumors from our center. Although there is availability of advanced imaging techniques at present, still histopathological examination is gold standard in their diagnosis.The conventional H & E staining is the mainstay for pathologic diagnosis, and IHC also plays a major role in differential diagnosis and improving diagnostic accuracy.
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    Problems Influencing Academic Performance of Students in Government Secondary Schools of Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Fin fine
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Sime Geremew; Assefa Meseret
    The purpose of this study was, to investigate major problems influencing academic performance of students in government selected secondary schools of Oromia special Zone Surrounding Finfine. The study used three basic research questions. Descriptive survey method was employed to conduct the study. The sample consists of 350 students, 118 teachers and 7 principals. Students and teachers were selected using simple random sampling; School principals were selected using purposive sampling. The data gathering tools employed was questionnaire and document analysis. The questionnaires were administered to 350 students, 118 teachers and 7 principals, in which 340 students, 110 teachers and 7 principals filled and returned it. Descriptive statistics was employed in this study by using SPSS–version 20, to analyze close ended quantitative data that were collected through questionnaires. From the descriptive statistics, frequency counts and percentages were used as needed to analyze the data. The interpretations of the data were followed by the tables, percentage and frequency counts. The research has identified three categories of major problems influencing academic performance of students, such as: 1. Student related problems (students’ motivation, attitude, & school attendance), 2.home environment related problems (parental encouragement, Socio economic status and parental education), 3.School environment related problems (teacher characteristics, leadership behavior of the principal, school plant and resources.), etc. Based on these findings conclusions and recommendations were suggested. The study shows that: students learning motivation, their attitude towards learning, parental encouragement, socioeconomic status and school conditions affect their academic performance. The study recommends that the responsibility of the stoke holders to guide students and facilitate conditions for their learning.