Browsing by Author "Araya, Shambel (MSc)"

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    Diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction testing assays and some platforms available in Ethiopia for the diagnosis of Coronavirus Diseases -2019.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Woldesemayat, Belete; Desta, Kassu(PhD candidate, associate professor); Araya, Shambel (MSc)
    Abstract Background: Laboratory has a key role for the management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Since the outbreak reported, many commercial Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) assays have been developed all over the world, and real-time PCR detection has been the routine and standard method. However, due to a number of NAATs were rapidly developed and quickly applied to clinical testing, diagnostic performance testing for different detection assays and PCR platforms should be considered. Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing assays and some platforms available in Ethiopia for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in Ethiopian public health institute from December 1 to December 30/2020. Methods: Comparative experimental study was conducted to assess the performance of four PCR testing assays and platforms by using Composite reference standard (CRS) as a reference method in Ethiopian Public Health Institute at National HIV Reference laboratory from December 1 to 30/2020. Sample size was determined based on WHO recommendation for method evaluation, 164 samples were selected by systematic random Sampling technique. Selected samples were extracted manually by using QIAamp® viral RNA mini kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and Abbott DNA sample preparation system (Abbott Molecular Inc. des Plaines, IL, USA) for automated extraction. Amplification and detection was done on Abbott m2000, Roche 4800 and ABI 7500 RT-PCR platforms. Finally, the data was entered, cleared and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative percent agreement was analyzed and kappa Estimator was employed to determine the strength of agreement of each method with CRS. Results: A total of 164 samples included in the study, out of these the rate of positive and negative COVID-19 test was 59.1% (97) and 40.9% (67) respectively in the CRS. Rate of positivity/negativity assays with respective platforms were comparatively similar with CRS (p>0.05). However, Sansure Biotech result was comparatively different with CRS (p <0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Percent Agreement (PPA), Negative percent agreement (NPA) and overall percent agreement (OPA) for four assays and three platforms lied in ≥93.8%, ≥ 98.5 %, ≥ 93.8%, 98.5 %, ≥96.3 % respectively. The Cohen’s Kappa strength of agreement of assays and platforms lied in 0.925 – 1.000. The study also showed N gene sensitivity was more than ORF1a/b sensitivity based on their CT value. Conclusion: The performance of four SARS-CoV-2 assays and three platforms had almost comparable diagnostic performance. However Sansure Biotech had low rate of positivity compared with CRS. On the other hand N gene sensitivity was better than ORF1a/b gene. Finally, Sansure Biotech assay (RUO) needs further verification on its use in Ethiopia and additional study should be important for the evaluation of respective manufacturers claim.
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    Magnitude of H.pyloriinfection and its association with Pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Gandhi memorial hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Tsegaye, Nebiyu; Araya, Shambel (MSc); Diriba, Regassa(MSC)
    Background:Helicobacter pylori infections are associated with many complications of pregnancy including preeclampsia and itcolonizes the gastric mucosa of about half of the world‟s population. It has been suggested that Helicobacter pylori infection could contribute to the etiopathogenesis of pre-eclampsia by inducing a pro-inflammatory state. The association H. pylori with preeclampsia needs to be further explored. Objective:To assess magnitude of H. pylori infection and its association with preeclampticpregnant women attending antenatal care at Gandhi Memorial hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods:Hospital-based case control study was conducted amongclinicallydiagnosed preeclamptic and Non-pre eclamptic pregnant women at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected for H. pyloriantigen test from study participants. The collected data was analyzed using statistical methods in SPSSversion23. Simple descriptive statistics was used to present the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects. Association between Clinical variables and H. pyloriinfection was performed with multivariate logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level was considered as statistically significant in all the analyses. Result:A total of 93 cases and 186 controls were included in the study giving that a response rate of 92(98.9%) and 180(96.8%) from all participants that included in the study respectively. In this study, the overall prevalence of H. pyloriinfection in all study participants was 38.9% (106/272). The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was higher in cases than controls, 54.3% (50/92) vs. 31.1% (56/180) respectively. The mean age was 29.01(SD+4.93) years in cases and 30.37(SD+ 6.2) yeas in control group. Ages 26-35 years accounted for the majority proportion for both cases 62 (67.4%) and controls 128 (71.1%). A positive association was found between H. pylori infection and Preeclampsia (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 2.41–4.10). Conclusion: H. pylori infection has been found to be associated with preeclampsiawomen. In this study, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in cases than in controls (which was 54.3% vs. 31.1% respectively. “Parity, systolic blood pressure and status of hemoglobin were significantly associated with pre eclamptic women with H-pylori”.Key words:Helicobacter pylori, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnant women
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    Viral Suppression Rate and Associated factors among Children whose Sample Refereed to Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Bulti, Gutema; Hailu, Melese(BSC, MSC, Ph.D. Fellow); Araya, Shambel (MSc)
    Background: Measuring of Viral load in the plasma of patient is the most important indicator in response to Anti Retro viral treatment, and to monitoring regularly progress of the patient, by suppressing the Viral Load to a threshold of < 1000 RNA copies/ml, which is used to define suppressed viral load, if it is confirmed in the laboratory. adherence will be addressed and followed to switch to second-line Anti Retro viral treatment. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine viral suppression rate and associated risk factors among children tested for HIV viral load among patient‟s sample refereed to Ethiopian public health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: Across-sectional study was conducted. Data on socio-demographic factors including Age, sex, test reason, treatment combination, adherence, treatment duration on Anti Retro viral treatment, WHO clinical staging, were extracted from the request, Viral suppression and failure was determined using the WHO definitions (viral suppression as viral load < 1000/ml) and their associated factors. Significant association between study variables and interpretation of data was done using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05. Result: A total of 340 children‟s sample was used in the study. Majority of children (87.9%) have suppressed viral load test rate and 12.1% non-suppressed. Children who had fair adherence to ART (AOR=0.23; 95% CI=0.001-0.395), were more likely to have viral load suppression rate. Children‟s whose treatment reasons were Routine VL-2ndVL at 12 Month Post ART, Routine Viral Load Annual Viral Load Test, Routine Viral Load-First Viral Load Test 6 month or Longer, Target Repeat (Confirmatory), Viral Load (initial viral load >1000cop/Ml) more likely had viral suppression rate (AOR=0.261;95% CI= 0.94-0.723), children between Age 3-10,were (AOR=17.76; 95% CI=1.623-194.19). Conclusion The rate of un-suppressed viral load is High among children tested for HIV Viral Load in Ethiopian Public Health institute and Children adhered to ART treatment have more likely to be virally suppressed.