Browsing by Author "Alem, Mekdes"

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    Assessment of anti-tissue transglutaminase-IgG with selected lipid panel tests among Helminths and H.pylori positive and non infected school aged children in Ziway Oromia region, South East Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-07) Alem, Mekdes; Dr.Tsegaye, Aster(MSc, PhD, Associate Professor); Dr.Wolde, Mistre(MSc, PhD, Associate professor); Dr.Taye, Binyam(MSc, PhD, Assistant professor)
    Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by consuming a protein called gluten. It is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Infection by Helminths and H.pylori are among the environmental factors involved that enhance anti-inflammatory response. Different auto antibodies and antibodies are used in the diagnosis of celiac disease, but Anti-tTG antibodies are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of CD. IgG-based tests are useful for detecting celiac disease. Since Celiac disease is one of the areas that did not get much attention in its diagnosis; this study could give some insight on the necessity of doing more research in the area and gives a better understanding on the association between celiac diseases with that of lipid profiles, H.pylori and Helminths infection Objective: The objective of this study was to assess anti-tissue transglutaminase IgG antibody with selected lipid panels among H.pylori and Helminths positive and non infected Children. Methods: A cross sectional retrospective and prospective study was conducted in Ziway, South east of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by using random sampling method. The retrospective part included taking serum samples that were collected and stored during another study and careful review of study groups sociodemographic and medical data. The samples that were kept refrigerated at -80ºC were used for analysis of anti tissue transglutaminase IgG and lipid profiles as for the prospective part of the study starting from May 2020 to June 2020. The transglutaminase IgG measurement used principle of Enzyme immunoassay for optical density measurement based on commercially available kit. While the lipid panels used kinetic assay that were measured on Cobas 6000 fully automated chemistry machine. The obtained data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 and descriptive analysis, Chisquare and logistic regression were used to see any associations and P-value <0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Result: A total of 97 samples of children with age group between 4-14 years old were involved in this crossectional study. 19% of study participants tested positive for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgG and Females had a higher magnituse of anti-tTG IgG than males (24.5 % vs 11.4%). A significant association was found between Helminths and anti-tTGIgG [OR 3.45 (95% CI: 1.057, 11.265), P=0.033] However this study failed to show association between anti-tTGIgG and H.pylori as well as with lipid profiles. Conclusion: Although the relation between H. pylori and Celiac diseases is controversial, our result doesn’t proof H.pylori can shield against celiac disease so measures to protect oneself against H.pylori should be continued. On the other hand, even though more trials are required, there is a strong association between Helminthes infection and anti-tTGIgG where children not infected with Helminths had a 3.45 times greater risk of developing a positive antitTGIgG. Although a significant difference was not found in this study between lipid profiles and anti tissue transglutaminase, it is advisable to assess lipid profiles of celiac patients as shown in other studies so as to minimize the long term effect associated with lipid profile alteration, Coronary artery disease for instance. We strongly recommend large scale case control study to understand the exact relationship between celiac diseases and other comorbidities.
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    Assessment of Lipid Profiles and Associated Factors among Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025) Gudisa,Abditsion Disani; Negesso, Abebe Edao (Ass. Prof.); Dekebo, Gobena Dedefo; Alem, Mekdes; Zenebe, Yared
    Background: Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases with major public health impact. These neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with dysregulation of lipid metabolism. However, the monitoring of lipid profiles for those patients was not common in the study area due to the paucity of published evidence about their lipid profiles. Objective: To assess lipid profiles and associated factors among patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer's diseases at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken starting in March to June, 2024, among 172 conveniently selected study participants, which included 50 Parkinson's disease patients, 61 Alzheimer’s disease patients, and 61 apparently healthy individuals. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and other information about the diseases. A blood sample was obtained and analyzed for lipid profiles using the Cobas c 311 automated analyzer, following the acquisition of ethical consent. Data entry and analysis were conducted by SPSS Version 27. A student independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression were applied to check the association and correlation among different parameters. A P value of less than 0.05 was deemed to indicate statistical significance. Result: The mean levels of LDL (mg/dl), TG (mg/dl), and TC (mg/dl) of the Parkinson's disease patients were significantly lower (76.7 ± 21.77, 115.02 ± 24.84, and 152.2 ± 30.44) compared with controls (85.2± 12.59, 124.12 ± 16.01, and 165.36 ± 29.33) at P < 0.05, respectively. On the other hand, Alzheimer's disease patients showed significantly higher levels of LDL (mg/dl) and lower HDL (mg/dl) (106.76 ± 26.55 and 37.64 ± 7.45) compared to the controls (85.2 ± 12.59 and 41.84 ± 5.83) at P < 0.05, respectively. In Parkinson's disease patients, lipid profile levels were significantly associated with the duration of the disease, age, and underweight status (P < 0.05). For those with Alzheimer's disease, significant associations with lipid profile levels were identified, including disease duration, age, physical exercise, smoking habits, and the frequency of high-fat food consumption (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the result, the disturbance of lipid profiles in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases were observed. And this has been found to be associated with factors such as the duration of the disease, age of the patient, physical exercise, smoking habits, and poor compliance to diet.
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    Assessments of Serum level Vitamin D and Thyroid Function Tests among Newly Diagnosed Female Breast Cancer Patients attending in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025) Meles, Mehari; Edao, Abebe; Alem, Mekdes; Hailu, Habteyes (PhD)
    Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with high global mortality. Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid dysfunction may influence BC through hormonal regulation and immune modulation. Thyroid hormones affect cell metabolism and proliferation, while vitamin D has anti-proliferative effects on breast tissue. Thyroid dysfunction can alter estrogen metabolism, impacting BC risk. However, data on serum vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels in Ethiopian BC patients are limited. This study aims to assess these levels in newly diagnosed female BC patients. Methods: A Facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024 in Tikur Anbessa Specialty Hospital. A convenient sampling method was employed to recruit 69 females newly diagnosed with breast cancer as a case group and 69 samples from apparently healthy females as a control group. Blood samples were collected and sent to Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) for Serum 25 hydroxyl vitamin D (25(HO) D) Concentration and Thyroid Function Tests , by using a COBAS 6000 analyzer. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Independent T-tests, chi-square test, One-way ANOVA tests, Kruskal Wallis test, and multiple linear regression tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Breast cancer patients had significantly lower Total Triiodothyronine (TT3) levels(1.2±0.28 ng/mL) than healthy controls (1.4±0.19 ng/mL, p<0.001). Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) was also significantly reduced in BC patients (p< 0.001). 25(HO) D levels showed a significant lower median value in BC patients compared to healthy control groups (p=0.043). Breast cancer stage and subtype significantly influence thyroid function and vitamin D levels, with advanced stages associated with altered thyroid hormones and reduced 25(OH) D levels. Conclusion: Breast Cancer patients exhibited significantly lower TT3 and FT3 levels compared to controls. Although vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in both groups, severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was significantly higher in the BC patients. Therefore, monitoring and managing vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels could be important components of breast cancer risk assessment and prevention strategies. However, larger-scale studies are needed to further validate and strengthen these findings.