AAU-ETD :: Browsing by Author " Hailu Gutema"

Browsing by Author "Hailu Gutema"

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An assessment of Public Relations Practices and challenges: the Case of GIZ Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) Sefanit Minwuyelet; Hailu Gutema
The purpose of this study was to assess the practices of PR in GIZ Ethiopia with specific objectives to explore the strategies used within the internal stakeholders and to examine the challenges faced in implementing the practice. It has also the objective of investigating the gap between the general understanding of professional PR from practitioners’ view and how they use it. A qualitative research method was employed, and data was thematically analyzed. The researcher collected data using one to one in-depth interviews (preparing semi-structured interview questions) with fifteen respondents and conducted participant observation. The findings of the study showed that the strategies used by the internal stakeholders of GIZ Ethiopia were targeted at building relationships within internal stakeholders although interactive relations within the stakeholders is found difficult to achieve as employees are not much responsive. Another finding is that the barriers of the PR practices in the organization were professional overlap which further impacts their dedication to the profession and their relationship within the stakeholders. This shows lack of understanding of the profession and its professional standard. Furthermore, the internal PR partitioners implement PR principles by using communication tools available in the organization while the communication flow and interaction focuses solely on sending and transmitting messages mostly not interactive/mutual. The internal PR practitioners view PR as professional. The activities of PR have standards and guidelines to keep uniformity and in turn to bring professionalism into the field. Nevertheless, there are misperceptions about public relations work and role. Because of its placement especially in project areas, it is disregarded for its role in promoting mutual relationships between organizations and stakeholders and its contribution to organizational goals. Proactive and interactive participation of the PR professionals is suggested to build mutual relationships and a common understanding on issues of the major activities. A two-way communication approach within the stakeholders is recommended. Key words: PR practices, building relationships, professional, stakeholders, strategies
An Investigation on the Practice of Teaching Reading Skills in English in Case of Grade 11th Students at Jajura Secondary School of Hadiya Zone Jajura Town Administration
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-08) Mathewos Daniel; Hailu Gutema
The study was conducted to assess the practice of teaching reading skills to grade eleven studentsof Jajura Secondary School. One hundred thirty three students and four teachers were selectedusing probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The data were collected throughclassroom observation,questionnaire and interview. The data were quantitatively andqualitatively analyzed. The findings of the study indicated that most of the sampled Englishlanguage teachers rarely implement the pre-reading and post-reading activities in the classroom.In addition to this they sometimes practiced the while reading tasks using teacher centeredteaching learning methodology. These results are also supported by the findings gained frominterview and classroom observations. Generally, most of the teachers do not follow the threephases of reading skills techniques properly. Thus it was recommended that the teachingmethodology of the teachers should be improved. The teachers should be given on the job trainingabout teaching reading skills. Department of English language should make internal supervisionduring the practice of teaching reading skills in the classroom to assist teachers and TownAdministration Education Office should provide student’s text book to minimize shortage ofstudent’s text book for this school. Keywords: practice, pre-reading, while-reading, post-reading
Assessing Professional Practices and challenges in news production on Addis Media Network, with Specific Reference to Addis TV Amharic News
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-05) Mesfin Girma; Hailu Gutema
This study critically analyzed the Journalistic professional practices in Addis Media Network Amharic news production focusing on Addis TV. The main objective of this research was to assess the level of professional practices of journalism in Addis Media Network, with specific reference to Addis TV Amharic news. In order to achieve the study's goal, both qualitative and quantitative content analyses, as well as an in-depth interview, were used to answer the research questions. By random sampling method, this research takes the news of three months (November, February and April, 2013 E.C) evening news full bulletins from the media house which is 266 news items. The quality of journalistic professional practices was determined by analyzing and interpreting the selected news items. Principles of journalism and social responsibility theory of the media were used as a theoretical framework of this study. The finding of this study shows that Addis TV news production has low professional quality. There are several problems regarding meeting the ethics, principles and elements of Journalism. Bias, subjectivity, dependency, reporting only success stories, not telling the truth, government interference, self-censorship, and lack of journalists‟ capacity are among the unprofessional attempts of the media house. This research has come up with the most significant recommendations for the television station, based on the findings, on how to strengthen the capacity of professional journalists, editors, and assess its news productions.
Assessing the Practice of Cooperative Learning in Teaching Reading Comprehension in English Language Classroom;The Case Of Grade Nine Students of Kobo Ewuket Chora Secondary School
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-08) Abera Belay; Hailu Gutema
The objective of this study was to assess the practice of cooperative learning in teaching reading comprehension grade nine students in English language classroom. The method of the study was employed by descriptive types of research design which were carried out through qualitative methods. The sample size of the study was 189 students for the total population of 756 students were selected through purposive sampling method. Eighteen teachers were purposively selected for questionnaire and classroom observation. The data were gathered through classroom observation and questionnaire. The classroom observation was intended to assess and identify the ways of practicing cooperative learning in teaching reading comprehension. The students’ questionnaire was intended to assess the attitude of grade nine students towards cooperative learning in teaching reading. The teacher questionnaire was planned to check the awareness or knowledge, and attitude of teachers and the factors that affect the practice of cooperative learning in teaching reading comprehension in language classroom as well as techniques they applied in reading comprehension. The data gathered from classroom observation and questionnaires were analyzed using qualitative method. The findings of the study revealed that there were some factors that affected cooperative learning in teaching reading comprehension for instance lack of students desire or interest, level of difficulty, knowledge of text type, content difficulty and large class size.
Comparative Analysis of Framing of Good Governance Issues by Addis Zemen and the Reporter (Amharic) Newspapers
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-11) Gashaw Derese ; Hailu Gutema
The purpose of this study was to investigate how Addis Zemen (a state daily) and The Reporter Amharic (a private bi-weekly) newspapers framed good governance issues. The study focused on hard news, editorials and feature articles covering the time periods from July 27, 2017 to 8th January 2018. Out of 92 newspapers, a total of 45 news articles were identified and analyzed. The study applied a mixed research approach in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the selected news articles. The research findings revealed that responsibility frame, economic frame and conflict frame were dominantly used frames in both Addis Zemen and the Reporter newspapers. Furthermore, efficiency & effectiveness, equity & inclusiveness, corruption, responsibility and the rule of law were the major themes addressed both in Addis Zemen and the Reporter (Amharic) newspapers. Government officials were the main sources of information cited in Addis Zemen whereas experts were the predominantly cited sources in the Reporter (Amharic) newspapers. The study concluded that many of good governance news articles addressed by Addis Zemen tilted towards EPRDF the then ruling party whereas many of the good governance news stories covered by the Reporter were critical of the ruling party and critical social, economic and political issues were overlooked in the pretext of good governance problems.
A Comparative Framing Analysis of President Trump's 72nd United Nations General Assembly Speech: Aljazeera, CNN and Fox news in Focus
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Abraham Asrat ; Hailu Gutema
The mam purpose of this study is to analyze how CNN, Fox News and Aljazeera framed President Donald Trump's speech during the nndannual summit of the United Nations General assembly (UNGA) in their coverage from Sep. 3,2017 to Oct.4, 2017.Thirty two news stories were collected in about one-month time and analyzed qualitatively. Qualitative content analysis was used to get both the insights of the media outlets coverage of the speech of Donald Trump at the UNGA and the topics that are salient in the speech of the President as well as the media outlets. Framing analysis was used to analyze how the media outlets treated stories about the President's speech and topics that are salient were also taken from the speech of the president and analyzed separately. The major findings in the coverage of the media out lets are; conflict and attribution of responsibility frames. They are also the dominant frames in all the media houses in their coverage of President Donald Trwnp at the nnd UNGA studied under this paper. Frame of danger is also the other dominant frame from the speech of the president. There were also dominant topics from both the speech of the president and the media outlets covering the event, "America first" is however, the common denominator for both the media outlets and the speech of the president.
Effects of Cognitive Reading Strategy Training on Grade 9 Students‟ Reading Performance, Metacognitive Awareness and Reading Motivation
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12) Deneke Madebo; Hailu Gutema
This study investigated the effects of cognitive reading strategy training on reading performance, metacognitive reading strategy awareness and reading motivation of Grade 9 students. The study aimed at testing explicit/implicit theories of cognitive reading strategy instruction. A quasi-experimental design was used to examine differences between two randomly selected intact groups. A quantitative approach was applied to gather data. Among the variables, strategy awareness and reading motivation were examined to see if they were predictors of reading performance. A teacher-made pre-test (25 items) and a parallel teacher-made post-test (25 items) and two questionnaires were administered. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI) of the strategy awareness questionnaire consisted of 30 items; the Foreign Language Reading Attitudes and Motivation Scale (FLRAMS) of reading motivation questionnaire consisted of 31 items. Data were gathered from 100 students through the tests and the questionnaires. The results showed statistically significant difference between each group’s pre-test and post-test scores of reading performance (p=.000) and (p=.000) of experimental and control groups, respectively; there was a strong and positive relationship between the pre-and post-test scores of each group. Although the p-value for both groups was less than .001, the experimental group made increment of reading performance after the explicit strategy training; whereas, the control group made the opposite, decrement of reading performance after the implicit strategy training. Both groups did not show significant changes of strategy awareness. However, the experimental group showed a significant change of reading motivation (p= .006) after the group received strategy training, unlike that of the control group (p= .606). The study concluded that training cognitive reading strategy explicitly empowered students to outperform reading comprehension and vice versa and increased students’ motivation of reading though it could not change students’ strategy awareness; however, students’ strategy awareness and their reading motivation could not be significant predictors of reading performance. This findings imply that due attention should be given to enhance explicit approach of cognitive reading strategy teaching over implicit approach so as to improve students’ performance of reading.
Evaluating the Dominant Genres of Reading Texts and Their Appropriateness for Teaching Reading Skills: Grade 11 English for Ethiopia in Focus
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-08) Zegeye Fire; Hailu Gutema
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the dominant genres of reading texts and their appropriateness for teaching reading skills in grade 11 English for Ethiopia text book at selelkula secondary school. To achieve this objective, both qualitative and quantitative research method was employed. The participants of the study were grade 11 students and teachers at selelkula secondary school. To conduct this study, three data gathering tools were used. Content analysis was used to examine the dominant genres of reading texts. Students’ questionnaire was used to collect relevant data from 30 students. Interview was conducted with 5 purposefully selected ELT teachers from selelkula secondary school. The collected data was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Data from interview was analyzed and interpreted qualitatively through narration; whereas, the data from students’ questionnaire was expressed quantitatively. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of reading texts in grade 11 English have factual message, dominantly narrative generic structure or feature and dominantly narrative communicative purpose. On the other hand, the study found that the majority of reading texts contain average length, fairly exploited, relevant content and are culturally foreign.. Moreover, most reading texts are extracted from autobiographies, magazine articles and newspaper reports. The study also found that the majorities of reading texts are fairly appropriate for students’ age, grade, maturity level and cultural background knowledge. However, some are linguistically difficult; contain long and complex sentence structure with difficult vocabulary and with less motivational level. Based on the findings, therefore, textbook writers and teachers should consider the students’ age and grade level, cultural background, linguistic ability, literary background, learnability and exploitability of the texts, authenticity and appropriate genres of texts when they select and adapt reading materials in teaching course book.
An Exploratory Study on Communication Practice in Environmental Protection: A.A. City Government Environmental Protection Green Development Commission in Focus.
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-10) Alexander Tesfaye ; Hailu Gutema
The strategic communication practice to create awareness and bring behavioral change towards the use of local eco-friendly innovations among the residents of the Addis Ababa is more demanding and urgent than ever before. A.A City Government Environmental Protection Green Development Commission’s strategic communication practice is vital towards this ,in creating safe and friendly environment through communicating the benefit of local ecofriendly innovation products. In this regard, the study is aimed at exploring Addis Ababa City Government Environmental Protection Green Development Commission strategic communication practices towards using environmentally friendly local innovations to substitute plastic bags and plastic bottles. The study also attempts to explore the effectiveness of the communication channels used by the commission and encountered challenges during the course of communicating the public and coordinating with the other state and non-state significant actors. In order to achieve this, the basic method of data collection method was through in-depth interview, field observation and document review. Total samples of 25 interviewees are selected purposefully with expert sampling and snowballing technique. From the total of 8 government and non-government organizations which are taken for the study, A.A City Government Environmental Protection Green Development Commission is the center of the study, which its communication practice has been explored. And the rest identified as key actors. The finding from the study showed that A.A City Government Environmental Protection Green Development Commission communication has lacked strategic communication practice, thus the benefit of local ecofriendly innovation is not communicated effectively. Strategic channels of communication mainly broadcasting media, social media, print media and public signage are not incorporated in the communication practice. The communication practice of the commission and other key actors of state and non-state organizations are not coordinated to send the environmental message as One Voice to the public. Finally, in order to bring pro environmental behavior among the public towards the use of local environmentally friendly innovations ,the strategic communication practice should be considered . The commission has to coordinate its environmental communication practice and should incorporate the key actors in its communication plan as well. In addition, integrating the strategic communication channels mainly broadcasting, social medias and public signage have to employed for effectively communicating the public.
The Framing of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s First State Visit to Eritrea by National and International Media
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-02) Minyahel Tadesse ; Hailu Gutema
This study aimed at examining how national and international media framed Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s first state visit to Eritrea with special focus on Addis Zemen, Reporter (Amharic), The Guardian and Xinhua. The research employed a qualitative research method to obtain data essential for the study. The media were selected through purposive sampling, and a total of forty news articles were analyzed. The research findings revealed that the premier’s visit mainly won positive coverage from the media even though neutral tone was also significantly used. But none of the media depicted the Prime Minister’s visit negatively. The findings also revealed that economy, geopolitics and human relations were the dominant themes across the stories analyzed. On the other hand, economic frame and conflict frame were found to be widely distributed in the news articles. The study concluded that Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s first state visit to Eritrea was not framed much differently by the local and international media. In fact, both the local and international media refrained from criticizing the visit or the Prime Minister in their coverage of the event.
The interaction of the socio-cultural background of students with their attainment in reading, in the communicative language teaching setting, at Dejazmach Geresu Duki Comprehesive Secondary School
(Addis Ababa University, 1997-05) Hailu Gutema ; Taddele Adamu
The purpose of this paper was to assess the interaction of certain selected sociocultural variables with reading achievement. In order to do so, therefore, teaching materials were prepared and an experimental class was arranged for one hundred eighty students who were randomly selected from Dejazmach Geresu Duki Comprehensive Secondary School. The students were taught reading on the basis of the principles and practices of CLT in teaching reading. Questionnaires and tests, the measuring instruments, were administered. All intercorrelations between the criterion and predictor variables were evaluated at P<05 level of confidence. It was found out that father's occupation and a more favourable attitude towards native people and culture significantly interacted with attainment in reading whereas a nonsignificant association was observed with father's educational level and a more favourable attitude towards foreign people and culture and the criterion. A regression equation was also derived for the present sample. A multiple correlation of 0.32353 was found when the six predictor variables were combined. Coefficient of multiple determinations indicated that about 10.5 percent of the variation accounted for in the criterion was due to a weighted combination of these variables. The remaining three predictor variables had a contribution of about 5.5 percent. It was established that only 16 percent of the criterion variations was attributable to the relation of criterion to predictors. It was concluded that in screening for main sources of influence, the present study revealed no substantial relationship on the variables used either individually or in combination in predicting level of reading attainment. Finally, on the basis of the findings recommendations are given
Journalism Professional Practice and its Challenges in FBC in focus on reporters, and editors.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) Jonse Ayana; Hailu Gutema
The purpose of this study was to assess the professional practices of Journalism in Fana Broadcasting Corporate (FBC) reporters, and editors in focus. Specifically, the study tried find out the extent to which the media is applying the principles of ethical journalism; factors that affect the reporters and editors to exercise journalism professionally and challenges the FBC reporters and editors are facing while performing their regular activities. In order to collect appropriate data, the study employed mixed research design which includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select subjects for questionnaire and in depth interview. The researcher believed that purposive selection of participants was useful to get the right experienced journalist who could provide reasonable data about the professional practices of the selected media house. The researcher selects about 80 respondents which consists the majority of reporter. The findings of the study showed that FBC is exercising the professional journalism with some suggested reservations. The government’s interventions and editorial board direction are among the factors affecting the media house professional practice. Refusal and delayed responses of government officials to the public questions, bureaucratic arrangement of the administration and lack of sustainable trainings are also among the challenges the journalists are facing. The observed reservations are about the journalist’s independency, and an interference of government bodies are among points the media should avoid.
Prctices and Challenges of Public Relations Towards Nation Brandin: The Case of Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Tadele Jemal; Hailu Gutema
The purpose of this research paper is focued on assessing practices and challenges of public relations towards nation branding operations: The case of Ministry of Culure and Tourism.It considers the importance of nation branding and how the promotional efforts have being managed at study specific area. Essentially, the task of nation branding promotions is to create positive image to support the country‟s brand management in explaining how to gain its competitiveness in the global tourism market arena. Thus, the study scope is delimited beginning from the head office (MOCT) to its five subordinate organizations- the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH), National Archive and Library Agency (NALA), Ethiopia National Theater, Federal Sport Commission and Tourism Ethiopia.Its core objective is to assesspractices andchallenge of PR practitioners‟roles and commitmentsin brandingnation‟s authentic diverse cultural treasures and attractions.In this, theresearcher attempted to see how the PR communication activities have been done.In this,he was utilizedthe basic research methodologies both quantitative and qualitative methods. The relevant data was gathered through questionnaire, semi structured interview, observation and document review.The documents, such as manuals and online materials, were also analyzed through document analysis. The findings of the research would be demonstrated through the proper, scientific and strategic ways of practicing public relations and it would be shown how they implementing the ways in nation branding activities. Some of thoughts in this study were shown that there has no acceptable, concrete, and universally theoretical-recognized definitions either in the academic literature or in the business and trade arena. Likewise the study would attempts to answer five research questions. It was also incorporated five sections: such as introduction, review of related literatures, the research methodology, data analysis, presentation, interpretation, summary, conclusion and the recommendations. Therefore, this study expected to show the best solutions and recommendations to concerned bodies with hope of implemention to alleviate problems found in the nation branding efforts at the study specific area. Keywords: Public Relations,nation branding, reputation, brand name, logo, marketing strategy, digitalmedia, potentials, challenges, and opportunities,global economy,competitiveness, attractions,
Sources of Self-Efficacy (Participation, Feedback, Peer Modeling and Making Choice) and Speaking Achievement among Second-Year EFL Students: A Correlational Study at Wolaita Sodo University and Kotebe University of Education
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-01-20) Melkamu Dessalegn; Hailu Gutema
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, the sources of speaking skill self-efficacy, and speaking skill achievement among second-year EFL students. Drawing on mixed methods and correlational design, where data were collected through questionnaires, speaking skill tests, classroom observation, and interviews, availability sampling technique was used to select 46 participants from Wolaita Sodo University and Kottebe University of Education. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis were employed to answer the research questions set. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, whereas the qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study's major findings revealed that learners expressed a moderate level of self-efficacy in their performance in the spoken English course. There was no correlation between students’ self efficacy and the actual speaking skill achievement in this context. Moreover, a moderate correlation was found between participation, feedback, and achievement of speaking skills. Conversely, there was almost no correlation and very low correlation between peer modeling, making choices, and achievement respectively. Furthermore, there was a moderate to weak correlation between participation, feedback, peer modeling, and making choices, and self-efficacy. Finally, the regression results showed relatively expressed level of participation appeared as the strongest positive and significant predictor of actual speaking achievement. Moreover, the qualitative analysis indicated that most students expressed the belief that their participation, feedback, peer-modeling, and making choices can influence the achievement of speaking skills. Above-average students showed a low level of classroom participation and received very general positive feedback; they rarely collaborate with peers and had few opportunities to select activities in the spoken English course. Students also believed that participation, feedback, peer modeling, and making choices influence their self-efficacy. A limited number of students who are mostly engaged in activities tend to possess a high level of self-efficacy. Therefore, the study concluded that expressed belief in self-efficacy was rather exaggerated, indicating that self-perception does not necessarily influence actual speaking skill achievement. Recommendations and implications for research are presentedat the last.
A Study on News Framing of the Current Ethiopian Political Reform: Ethiopian Television (ETV) in Focus
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-02) Hunachew Taye ; Hailu Gutema
The news framing in the current political reform in Ethiopia was one of the most critical issues that attracted the international and local media outlets. The main objective of the present study was, therefore, to analyze the political news articles on the current political reforms in Ethiopia. The research design employed mixed methods to undertake the analysis of primary and secondary data collected from ETV news. A purposive sampling technique was employed to collect news covering the reform period from 02 March 2018 to 02 March 2019 on the political reforms in Ethiopia. Hence, 75 political news were selected for analysis. Content analysis and in-depth interviews were utilized to collect and analyze data. Among the major findings of the study are: political reform theme being the most dominant followed by peace and stability theme, and political reform frame and peace frame being the most dominant frames of the ETV news. The study also indicated that the main ETV news sources were government officials and organizations, which accounted for about 83% of the news articles. The study concluded that ETV's current political reform news theme and frames reflected mainly the interest of government officials and organizations. Therefore, the study recommends that much has to be done to include in the theme and frames of the political reform news to reflect the voices of the public, politicians, intellectuals, and civic societies.

Browsing by Author "Hailu Gutema"

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