Browsing by Author "Asmelash Tassew"

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    Isolation of Histoplasma Capsulatum Var.Farcimnosum and Co-Infect Bacterial from Epizooticlymphangitis Infected Horses and Assessment of the Effects of The Disease in the Community of Bishoftu and Akaki Towns
    (2017-06) Kefyalew Mideksa; Asmelash Tassew
    Across sectional study was carried out from November 2016 up to May 2017 in Bishoftu and Akaki towns in order to isolate Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum (HCF) and other co-infect bacteria from local breeds of horses with characteristic lesion of epizootc lymphangutis. A questionnaire was also designed and administered to assess the socio- economic impact of the disease in the community. A total of 72 clinical specimens (pus) were collected aseptically using a purposive sampling technique. These specimens were examined under microscope to identify HCF. It was also cultured on Sabourad's Dextrose Agar media and various bacteriological culture media and selective media for isolation of fungus and bacteria respectively. Only (58.3%) of mycelia growth was recorded and (98.6 %) indicated positivity under microscope using stain. Regarding the isolation of co-infect bacteria, Staphylococcus (88.8 %), Streptococcus (41.2 %), Micrococcus (75 %), gram positive Bacilli (41.7%), Corynebacterium ( 22.2%), Aeromona (34.7%), Proteus (20.8%), Klebssiella (22.2%), Pseudomonas (20.8 %) and E coli (6.8%) were identified. The study animals were also classified as those which never get treatment and those horses taking therapy (topical iodide application) in the SPANA Clinics. The occurrences of co-infect bacteria was found greater in those horses which didn‟t take any therapy. But the treatment does not protect the emerging of new nodules and co-infect bacteria. Similarly, the study animals were grouped in to early, moderate and severe based on stage of the disease. The proportion of bacterial isolates was greater in those horses which were severely infected than those horses grouped in the moderate and early cases of the disease. The presence of co-infect bacteria were observed in both study area with some difference in proportion. The impact of the disease was assessed by asking various communities including users owners, traffic polices and workers from municipality whose their job related with urban hygiene and greener. The response of all respondents clearly indicated that the disease is causing lots of negative consequences in the community by reducing the income, performance and welfare of the animals. The current study revealed the presence of various bacterial species which may aggravate the disease and comprise the progress of treatment. As the impact of the disease is increasing in the societies, effective control measures like combined application of chemotherapy should be put in place.
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    Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pasteurella Multocida from Cattle with Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Assosa and Bambasi Districts, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia
    (2017-06) Yami Bote; Asmelash Tassew
    A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 in Bambasi and Assosa districts in Benshangul Guzum Regional State with the objectives of isolation, identification and determination antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle infected with Hemorrhagic Septicemia. The study was also aimed to detect the agent using classical PCR. Specimens were collected purposively from cattle in areas with outbreak of Hemorrhagic septicemia and a total of 384 swab samples were collected aseptically from cattle and transported to Assosa Regional Veterinary Laboratory using a cold chain system. Specimens were cultured on MacConkey agar and blood agar. Different biochemical tests were also used in order to identify and characterize the agent of the suspected disease. The prevalence of P.multocida was 13 (3.39%) out of 384 samples tested). All the isolates were subjected to the in vitro antimicrobial ssensitivity tests and the result indicated the presence of different degrees of susceptibility and resistance to most of the antibacterial agents. The degree of susceptibility ranges from 15.4% for Tetracycline upto 61.5% for Sterptomycin, and resistance is between 15.4% for Sterptomycin, Clindamycin and Chloramphicol and 69.2% for Tetracycline. Similarly, (60 %) of this discs showed the presence of multidrug resistance. The result of this test clearly indicates that, Sterptomycin, Clindamycin and Chloramphicol could be prospective drugs of choice. Analysis of PCR assay revealed the presence of P. multocida serotype B2. In conclusion, the presence of P. multocida serotype B2 in the selected areas can be considered as potential pathogens in causing Hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle especially where there is no any practice of vaccination. Therefore, strict measures like proper vaccination and antibiogram test to select effective drugs should be implemented.
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    Isolation, Identification, Antimicrobial Profile and Molecular Characterization of Enterohaemorrhagic E. Coli o157:h7 Isolated from Ruminants Slaughtered at Debre zeit Elfora export Abattoir and Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2015-10) Asmelash Tassew ; Sisay Tesfaye
    A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to June 2015 on apparently healthy ruminants slaughtered at Debre Zeit ELFORA export abattoir and Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise in order to determine the prevalence of E. coli with special emphasis on E. coli O157:H7 and to assess its antimicrobial resistance pattern. The study was also aimed to molecularly characterize the shiga toxin producing E. coli strains using multiplex PCR technique. 635 carcass swab samples were collected and processed according to the standard to isolate and identify the pathogen that lead to an overall prevalence of 12.9% (E. coli) and 5.5 % (E. coli O157:H7). The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 recorded had a statistical difference among animals species and age groups (P<0.05). However, the result showed that the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 among animals’ origin was not found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was higher in the Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise than that of the privately owned abattoir. Furthermore, E. coli isolates were subjected to the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test and the result indicated the presence of different degrees of susceptibility and resistance to most of the antibiotics. The degree of susceptibility ranges from 14.03% up to 85.75% and resistance it is between 5.75% and 48.6%. Out of the 35 E. coli O157:H7 isolates, only 5 (5.7%) of them showed the presence of multidrug resistance. Analysis of multiplex PCR assay in detecting the virulence genes revealed that 3 out of 20 (15%) were positive in which only one isolate were found to contain both Stx1 and Stx2 genes. In conclusion, the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in carcasses that developed resistance can be considered as potential pathogens to the society having the habit of eating uncooked meats. Therefore, strict measures like practicing proper hygiene in abattoirs and antibiogram test to select effective drugs should be implemented. Keywords: Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise, Antimicrobial susceptibility test, Contamination, E. coli O157:H7, ELFORA export abattoir, PCR, Prevalence, Ruminants
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    Molecular Characterization, Adaptation and Attenuation of Locally Isolated and Vaccinal Strain of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus for Development of Vero Cell Based Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine in Ethiopia
    (2017-06) Getaw Deresse; Asmelash Tassew
    Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) or Gumboro Disease is one of the most common diseases of commercial poultry in Ethiopia.Vaccination is the principle method to control the disease. Currently, NVI is producing IBD vaccine by using standard strains of IBDV on primary chicken embryo blast in Ethiopia. But the production of live attenuated IBD vaccine from locally isolated IBDV stain provides high protection for chickens against field IBDV strains. IBD vaccine production on primary chicken embryo blast is also very laborious, time consuming and economically costy. However, production of live attenuated IBD vaccine using Vero cell can solve these issues. The present study was initiated to propagate, adapt, and attenuate both locally isolated and commercially available IBDV strains in the vero cell lines for development of an effective Vero cell-based IBD vaccine in Ethiopia. Locally isolated and LC-75 vaccinal strain IBDVs were successfully adapted and attenuated in Vero-cell line in NVI and molecularily characterized. The IBDV virus strains were attenuated by further serial passages and pathogenicity test at specific passages were conducted in breeder chickens free from antibodies against IBDV to evaluate the loss of virulence in the virus during passaging on Vero cell line. Vero cell could be used as a model to study the growth of kinetic of the IBDV isolate and the Vero adapted attenuated virus should be further studied for possible adoption as a candidate for an attenuated IBD vaccine development.