Zoological Sciences

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Browsing Zoological Sciences by Author "Adamu, Haileeyesus (PhD)"

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    Infection Rate of Intestinal Parasites Among Children Under Five Years of Age in Addis Ketema Sub-City Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-08-08) Teshome, Genene; Adamu, Haileeyesus (PhD)
    Background: Intestinal Parasites which consist of protozoa and helminths mostly infect gastro-intestinal tract of humans. Infections are widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical area with greatest number of occurrence in sub-sahara Africa, China and Asia. In Ethiopia high infection rate of intestinal parasites is attributing to factors associated with low socio-economic status such as, poor personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and low household income, poor access to health services, overcrowding and lack of clean water supplies. Objective: to assess the major intestinal parasite species and determine their Infection rate in children less than five years of age in Addis Ketema Sub-City Health Canter, Addis Ababa during Sept. 2017-May. 2018. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on major intestinal parasite species in children under-five years of age in Addis Ketema Sub-City Health Canter during Sept. 2017- May 2018. Stool samples (n=384) were collected, 45.8% from males and 54.2% from females and examined for intestinal parasites using wet mount and formol-ether concentration methods. In addition, a total of 384 parents and caregiver of under-five children were interviewed regarding their Knowledge, attitude and practice about intestinal parasitic infections. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and P values were used to check the presence of association between dependent and independent variables. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant association. Results: It was found that 39.2% male and 36.1% female children were infected with intestinal parasites. Thus, the overall prevalence of infections with different types of intestinal parasites was 37.5%. The rate of protozoan parasite includes Entamoeba histolytica, 13.5%, and Giardia lamblia, 10.2%., Similarly, the rate of helminthic parasite infections includes Ascaris lumbricoides, 7%, Trichuris trichuira, 4.7%, and Hymenolepis nana, 2.1. The Infection rate of intestinal parasitic infections was significantly associated with some of risk factors such as hand washing habits, eat properly washed fruit and cooked vegetables ( p=0.001, P=0.013 respectively). Conclusion and recommendations: intestinal parasitic infections represent a public health problem in children less than five years in Addis ketema sub city. The main factors that were associated with intestinal parasitic infections were poor hand washing practice, consumption of unwashed fruits and raw vegetables and finger nail cleanness (p<0.05). This suggested that personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and health education are needed to reduce the infection rate of human intestinal parasitic infections among children in the study area.
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    Infection Rate of Intestinal Parasites Infection Among Deneba Pramiry School Children in Deneba Town, Siyadebir and Wayu District North Shoa, Amhara Region, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-08-08) Teka, Tekleslassie; Adamu, Haileeyesus (PhD)
    Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are one of the major public health problems in many countries including Ethiopia. They are mostly associated with poor quality of drinking water, poor personal and environmental sanitation. The objective of this study were to determine the intestinal parasites infections among Deneba General primary school- aged children in Deneba town, Central Ethiopia. The study was conducted at Deneba primary school and its design was descriptive cross-sectional survey. Stool samples were collected from September, 2017 –January, 2018. Structured questionnaire was used to gather data on environmental, socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Data analysis was done using chi-squared test. From the total of 384 study participants, 188 (49%) were males and 196 (51%) were females. The results showed that 111 (28.9%) males and 100 (26.04%) females were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. The total infection rates with IPIs was 211 (54.94%). Multiple infection with two or more parasites were found in 74 (19.5%) of the positive stool samples. The infection rates of protozoan parasites, E.histolytica/dispar and G.lambia, was 10.2%, and 4.4%, respectively. Similarly, the infection rate of helminthes infection, Hookworm spp, A. lumbricoides, H.nana T.trichiura and T.saginata were 10.4%, 4.4%, 3.6%, 1.8% and 0.8%, respectively. Infection rate of intestinal parasitic infections was significantly associated with some of risk factors, such as family’s job, family’s education level, source of water and its handling, function of toilet, hand washed practice and eating habits (p=0.0398, p=0.049, p=0.030, p= 0.050, p=0.009 and p=0.0015 respectively). Even though there were high parasitic infections, they were not statistically associated with some socio-demographic factors, such as sex, age group, family’s dwelling area, sanitation of nail and wearing shoe habits.
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    Intestinal Parasitic Infection in People Living With Hiv/Aids on Art in Ginager and Asagirt Health Centers in Asagirt Woreda, North Showa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-08-08) Teklemichael, Derbew; Adamu, Haileeyesus (PhD)
    Intestinal parasitic infections are among the major public health problems in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Intestinal parasites are endemic in many regions of the world where HIV/AIDS cases are also prevalent. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess intestinal parasitic infection in HIV/AIDS patients with ART in selected HIV clinics in Asagirt Woreda, North shoa during Sept. 2018 to May 2019. A total of 384 HIV positive persons with ART participated in the study. Data on socio-demographic factors and diarrhea status were obtained by interviewing all HIV patients with ART. Stool samples were collected from all patients and examined for intestinal parasites using direct microscopy and Formol-ether. In this study 15.1% male and 18.4% female HIV Patients were infected with intestinal parasites. Thus, the overall prevalence was 16.7%. The major intestinal of parasites includes Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (6.8%), Giardia lamblia (4.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (2.1%)\, Trichuris trichuria 1.8%) and Tinea species 1.3%. The prevalence of diarrhea in parasite positive patients (68.8%) was higher than parasite negative patients (12.07%). Therefore, collaborative works with health officers and community to improve sanitation will reduce and prevent the rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area. Also early detection and treatment of these parasites are important to improve the health of patients.