Epidemiology

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Browsing Epidemiology by Author "Abdulnasir Abagero"

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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Ashenafi G/Mariam; Girma Taye ; Adamu Adissie; Abdulnasir Abagero
    Introduction: Any one of the four closely related viral serotypes can cause dengue. Mosquito Species is a vector for dengue for human transmission. The disease is most common in tropical and subtropical areas, where year-round transmission is made possible by mosquito vectors sustained by favorable environmental circumstances. The first-ever DF outbreak in the Somali region occurred in Godey Town, Ethiopia in 2014; a comparable outbreak was documente in DireDawa,Ethiopia, in 2013. The purpose of this study is to look into the outbreak, identify the etiology, and identify risk factors related to it. Methods: A total of 117 individuals were carefully chosen to participate in a community-based case-control study, consisting of 39 cases and 78 controls in a 1:2 ratio. The distribution of the disease by person, place, and time was assessed through a descriptive study based on the total number of cases during the outbreak. Following this, an unmatched case-control investigation was conducted to confirm the outbreak and identify its risk factors. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Using Epi Info, the data was entered, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. To determine the relationship between the independent variable and the outcome variable, binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used. A p-value of 0.05 or less indicated that a variable was significant. Results: A total of 105 cases were found, and their attack rate and case fatality rate were 1.64 per 1000 and 0, respectively. 52 (49.5%) of these were female and 53 (50.5%) were male. Of 15 kebeles 14 kebeles from Gode town own are affected. The age group of 21 to 30 years old had the greatest age-specific attack rate and 15 kebeles 02 had the highest attack rate of 20.51/1000 population. An unmatched case-control study was conducted with 39 cases and 78 controls. having LLINs (AOR 0.038, 95% CI 0.003-0.543) and applying mosquito repellent on the skin (AOR 0.092, 95% CI 0.023-0.372) were found to be protective factors. On the other hand, not using LLINs (AOR 13.208, 95% CI 2.898-60.207) and the presence of larvae in the household (AOR 5.723, 95% CI 1.592-20.573) were identified as significant risk factors associated with dengue fever. Conclusion: having latrines and the use of mosquito repellent on your skin have a proactive factor so it needs to be aware the community and mosquito repellent supply should be encouraged. No usage of LLINs and the presence of Larvae in the household have a significant association with the disease pattern of the area so needs to conduct vector control activities at the household level and enhance risk communication and community engagement activities
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-01) Achamyeleh Mulugeta; Alemayehu Worku; Abdulnasir Abagero; Daniel Awraris
    The Ethiopia Field Epidemiology and Training program (EFETP) is a two years in-service training program in field epidemiology adapted from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The program is designed to assist the Ministry of Health in building or strengthening health systems by recruiting promising health workers and building their competencies through on-the-job mentorship and training. The program has two main components: a classroom-teaching component (25%) and practical attachment or field placement component (75%). Completion of the above mentioned two components of the residency culminates in a final output of works, which is equivalent to a thesis for the graduate school of public health for partial fulfillment of a master degree in Field Epidemiology. These out puts of work have eight chapters, which includes report of outbreak investigations, surveillance data analysis, evaluation of a surveillance system, description of a health profile, scientific manuscripts for a peer review journal, abstracts for scientific presentation, proposal for epidemiological research project and another additional output report. To complete these outputs of work different methods were used. In chapter one two outbreaks were investigated one is Epidemiological description of unknown skin lesion outbreak in Jimma town, Ethiopia December 2019 and the other is Dengue Fever Outbreak Investigation in Millie Woreda, Zone one, Afar Region, Ethiopia, January 2020. In chapter two, three and four. Influenza Surveillance Data Analysis: Magnitude and distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College 2009-2019, Addis Ababa, Evaluation of National Laboratory based Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System and Health Profile Description of Bahirdar Zuria Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia 2019 included respectively. In chapter five and six one Manuscript titled with Hospital based epidemiology of influenza in Ethiopia: Descriptive analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) 2009-2019, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: and three abstracts is done respectively. In chapter seven research work on Performance of Laboratory Professionals working on Malaria Microscopy at public and privet Health facilities of malaria elimination districts North Shewa Zone Amhara Region, and finally, in chapter eight additional output report on Rapid Assessment report on Malaria epidemic affected Woredas of Tigray region January 2020 included.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-01) Daniel Bekele; Wakgari Deressa; Abdulnasir Abagero
    Introduction: Cholera is a diarrheal infection caused by gram -negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae,either type O1 or O139. Globally in 2019, there were 923,037 cases and 1911 deaths of choler with case fatality rate of 0.2 and in Africa 55,087 of cases and 872 deaths with (CFR of 1.6). Since the beginning of 2017 and as of 7 May, Ethiopia has reported 32,689 acute watery diarrhea cases and 776 deaths with CFR 2.4%. Cholera could affect both Males and Females and remains a challenge to countries where access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation cannot be guaranteed. Cholera is usually transmitted through fecal contamination of water or food. We conducted cholera outbreak investigation, characterized cases by time, place, and persons and described the morbidity and mortality due cholera outbreak in West Arsi zone, Oromia region,Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Descriptive study was carried out among 167 cholera patients’ line list from September 29 to November 30, 2019. We defined cases, selected study participants and conducted descriptive analysis. We analyzed data using Microsoft excel 2010, calculated and described frequency, percentage, mean and median, attack rate (AR) and cases fatality (CFR). Results: A total of 164 cases and 3 deaths with CFR 1.8% were identified from the line list. Female were 94 (56.3%) and the median age for case was 12 years with range of (1.0-85.0). Highest proportions of cases 58 (34.7%) were within 5-14 age group and list affected 24 (14.4%) >44 age groups. Age specific case fatality rate was highest in > 44 years. Highest cases were reported from Shashamane 112(67%) district. The outbreak started from 15 th August and lasted over 18 December, 2019. Of the total cases 122 (73%) were severely dehydrated. Conclusion: Cholera outbreak with relatively increased overall attack and case fatality rate was conformed. Females affected more than males and the highest proportion of affected age group was above fifteen years of age. We recommend prevention of future outbreak and implementation of response measures to reduce morbidity and mortality and prospecting future strategies to prevent cholera outbreak in the zone.