Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
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Date
2024-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: Any one of the four closely related viral serotypes can cause dengue. Mosquito
species is a vector for dengue for human transmission. The disease is most common in tropical and
subtropical areas, where year-round transmission is made possible by mosquito vectors sustained
by favorable environmental circumstances. The first-ever DF outbreak in the Somali region
occurred in Godey Town, Ethiopia in 2014; a comparable outbreak was documented in Dire Dawa,
Ethiopia, in 2013. The purpose of this study is to look into the outbreak, identify the etiology, and
identify risk factors related to it.
Methods: A total of 117 individuals were carefully chosen to participate in a community-based
case-control study, consisting of 39 cases and 78 controls in a 1:2 ratio. The distribution of the
disease by person, place, and time was assessed through a descriptive study based on the total
number of cases during the outbreak. Following this, an unmatched case-control investigation was
conducted to confirm the outbreak and identify its risk factors. Data were collected using structured
questionnaires. Using Epi Info, the data was entered, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis.
To determine the relationship between the independent variable and the outcome variable, binary
and multivariable logistic regression models were used. A p-value of 0.05 or less indicated that a
variable was significant.
Results: A total of 105 cases were found, and their attack rate and case fatality rate were 1.64 per
1000 and 0, respectively. 52 (49.5%) of these were female and 53 (50.5%) were male. Of 15
kebeles 14 kebeles from Gode town own are affected. The age group of 21 to 30 years old had the
greatest age-specific attack rate and 15 kebeles 02 had the highest attack rate of 20.51/1000
population. An unmatched case-control study was conducted with 39 cases and 78 controls. having
LLINs (AOR 0.038, 95% CI 0.003-0.543) and applying mosquito repellent on the skin (AOR
0.092, 95% CI 0.023-0.372) were found to be protective factors. On the other hand, not using
LLINs (AOR 13.208, 95% CI 2.898-60.207) and the presence of larvae in the household (AOR
5.723, 95% CI 1.592-20.573) were identified as significant risk factors associated with dengue
fever.
Conclusion: having latrines and the use of mosquito repellent on your skin have a proactive factor
so it needs to be aware the community and mosquito repellent supply should be encouraged. No
usage of LLINs and the presence of Larvae in the household have a significant association with
the disease pattern of the area so needs to conduct vector control activities at the household level
and enhance risk communication and community engagement activities
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Keywords
dengue fever, case-control, outbreak, Gode town