Epidemiology

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Browsing Epidemiology by Author "Adamu Adissie"

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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Ashenafi G/Mariam; Girma Taye ; Adamu Adissie; Abdulnasir Abagero
    Introduction: Any one of the four closely related viral serotypes can cause dengue. Mosquito Species is a vector for dengue for human transmission. The disease is most common in tropical and subtropical areas, where year-round transmission is made possible by mosquito vectors sustained by favorable environmental circumstances. The first-ever DF outbreak in the Somali region occurred in Godey Town, Ethiopia in 2014; a comparable outbreak was documente in DireDawa,Ethiopia, in 2013. The purpose of this study is to look into the outbreak, identify the etiology, and identify risk factors related to it. Methods: A total of 117 individuals were carefully chosen to participate in a community-based case-control study, consisting of 39 cases and 78 controls in a 1:2 ratio. The distribution of the disease by person, place, and time was assessed through a descriptive study based on the total number of cases during the outbreak. Following this, an unmatched case-control investigation was conducted to confirm the outbreak and identify its risk factors. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Using Epi Info, the data was entered, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. To determine the relationship between the independent variable and the outcome variable, binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used. A p-value of 0.05 or less indicated that a variable was significant. Results: A total of 105 cases were found, and their attack rate and case fatality rate were 1.64 per 1000 and 0, respectively. 52 (49.5%) of these were female and 53 (50.5%) were male. Of 15 kebeles 14 kebeles from Gode town own are affected. The age group of 21 to 30 years old had the greatest age-specific attack rate and 15 kebeles 02 had the highest attack rate of 20.51/1000 population. An unmatched case-control study was conducted with 39 cases and 78 controls. having LLINs (AOR 0.038, 95% CI 0.003-0.543) and applying mosquito repellent on the skin (AOR 0.092, 95% CI 0.023-0.372) were found to be protective factors. On the other hand, not using LLINs (AOR 13.208, 95% CI 2.898-60.207) and the presence of larvae in the household (AOR 5.723, 95% CI 1.592-20.573) were identified as significant risk factors associated with dengue fever. Conclusion: having latrines and the use of mosquito repellent on your skin have a proactive factor so it needs to be aware the community and mosquito repellent supply should be encouraged. No usage of LLINs and the presence of Larvae in the household have a significant association with the disease pattern of the area so needs to conduct vector control activities at the household level and enhance risk communication and community engagement activities
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2011-04) Beyene Kidu; Richard Luce; Adamu Adissie
    Three outbreak investigations were conducted in Oromia region: acute bloody diarrhea outbreak in Alagie Agricultural College (May 2009), acute watery diarrhea outbreak in Shashemene districts (June 2009) and pandemicinfluenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Illu ababora zone (Nov2010). The outbreak investigation made in Alagie Agricultural College and Illu AbaBora zone were exclusively descriptive type. In both cases the purpose of the investigation was to confirm the etiology of the outbreak and providing assistance in the prevention and control of the outbreak. The outbreak investigation carried out in Shashemene districts was case control study. Apart from confirming the etiology this investigation was aimed at identifying the possible risk factors associated with outbreak. National acute respiratory infections surveillance data analysis was also performed in March 2009. In this case, two years i.e. from 2006 to 2007 morbidity and mortality data was obtained from Federal Ministry of Health, Plan and program department.The aim of this data analysis was to provide an overview of the burden of acute respiratory infections in under five children in Ethiopia. A surveillance system evaluation was carried out in selected health facilities, district health offices and the regional health buraeu, Tigray region in Dec 2010. The purpose of this evaluation was to describe how well the communicable disease surveillance system in the region is working to meet its purpose and objectives. Concurrently, a health profile assessment of 2002 Ethiopian fiscal year of Enderta district was carried out.