Department of Sport Science and Physical Education

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Browsing Department of Sport Science and Physical Education by Author "Aschenaki Taddesse"

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    Effects of Endurance, Strength, and Speed Training Modalities on Physiological, Haematological and Performance Determinants Influencing Elite Ethiopian Middle and Long-Distance Athletes
    (Addis ababa Universty, 2026-05-10) Nigatu Worku; Aschenaki Taddesse
    Middle- and long-distance running performance is influenced by a complex interplay of aerobic and anaerobic determinants, haematological and physiological factors, anthropometric characteristics, diet, genetics, and various training modalities. While the efficacy of endurance, strength, and speed training modalities has been widely studied, their effects on haematological and physiological determinants in the context of Ethiopian middle- and long-distance athletes remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of endurance, strength, and speed training modalities on physiological and haematological determinants of performance among elite Ethiopian athletes. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 20 elite middle- and long-distance athletes from the Ethiopian Adidas team. The athletes underwent 6-week blocks of endurance, strength, and speed training interventions, with pre- and post-tests conducted to assess changes in selected physiological (VO2 max, resting heart rate, energy expenditure) and haematological (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC) determinants. Performance was evaluated through event-specific time trials, 400-meter sprint tests, and indirect VO2 max tests. Haematological assessments were conducted using complete blood chemistry laboratory tests. This thesis, structured as an article-compilation, presents four distinct studies. Each Study details the specific adaptations in physiological, haematological, and performance measures resulting from the respective training modality. The first study examines the effects of the endurance training intervention on key physiological and haematological determinants of performance. The second study investigates the effects of the strength training block. The third study analyzes speed training and, the final study examine the combined effects of these training interventions on physiological, haematological and performance determinants among elite Ethiopian athletes. The final chapter synthesizes the combined effects of these training interventions, draws overall conclusions, and offers practical recommendations for coaches and athletes, as well as directions for future research. Endurance training increased VO2 max (+6.20 ml/kg/min, p<0.001), reduced resting heart rate (-3.80 bpm, p<0.001), elevated haemoglobin (+0.5 g/dL, p<0.05) and hematocrit (+4.35%, p<0.001), and improved 5000m time (-18 s, p<0.01). Strength training enhanced 400m speed (-1.21 s, p<0.001), running economy (-4.2% oxygen cost, p<0.01), and 5000m time (-6 s, p<0.05). Speed training improved 400m performance (-1.0 s, p<0.001), anaerobic capacity (+8.7%, p<0.01), VO2 max (+0.7 ml/kg/min, p<0.05), and enhanced 5000m time (-9 s, p<0.01). The illustrative findings across the four studies suggest that each training modality elicits unique and significant benefits. Endurance training enhanced VO2 max and haematological markers. Strength training improved running economy and muscular power without compromising aerobic or haematological status. Speed training boosted anaerobic capacity, 400m performance, and also contributed to VO2 max improvements. Collectively, these results indicate that a periodized and integrated approach, incorporating all three training modalities, is optimal for enhancing the performance of elite Ethiopian middle- and long-distance runners. Middle- and long-distance running performance is influenced by a complex interplay of aerobic and anaerobic determinants, haematological and physiological factors, anthropometric characteristics, diet, genetics, and various training modalities. While the efficacy of endurance, strength, and speed training modalities has been widely studied, their effects on haematological and physiological determinants in the context of Ethiopian middle- and long-distance athletes remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of endurance, strength, and speed training modalities on physiological and haematological determinants of performance among elite Ethiopian athletes. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 20 elite middle- and long-distance athletes from the Ethiopian Adidas team. The athletes underwent 6-week blocks of endurance, strength, and speed training interventions, with pre- and post-tests conducted to assess changes in selected physiological (VO2 max, resting heart rate, energy expenditure) and haematological (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC) determinants. Performance was evaluated through event-specific time trials, 400-meter sprint tests, and indirect VO2 max tests. Haematological assessments were conducted using complete blood chemistry laboratory tests. This thesis, structured as an article-compilation, presents four distinct studies. Each Study details the specific adaptations in physiological, haematological, and performance measures resulting from the respective training modality. The first study examines the effects of the endurance training intervention on key physiological and haematological determinants of performance. The second study investigates the effects of the strength training block. The third study analyzes speed training and, the final study examine the combined effects of these training interventions on physiological, haematological and performance determinants among elite Ethiopian athletes. The final chapter synthesizes the combined effects of these training interventions, draws overall conclusions, and offers practical recommendations for coaches and athletes, as well as directions for future research. Endurance training increased VO2 max (+6.20 ml/kg/min, p<0.001), reduced resting heart rate (-3.80 bpm, p<0.001), elevated haemoglobin (+0.5 g/dL, p<0.05) and hematocrit (+4.35%, p<0.001), and improved 5000m time (-18 s, p<0.01). Strength training enhanced 400m speed (-1.21 s, p<0.001), running economy (-4.2% oxygen cost, p<0.01), and 5000m time (-6 s, p<0.05). Speed training improved 400m performance (-1.0 s, p<0.001), anaerobic capacity (+8.7%, p<0.01), VO2 max (+0.7 ml/kg/min, p<0.05), and enhanced 5000m time (-9 s, p<0.01). The illustrative findings across the four studies suggest that each training modality elicits unique and significant benefits. Endurance training enhanced VO2 max and haematological markers. Strength training improved running economy and muscular power without compromising aerobic or haematological status. Speed training boosted anaerobic capacity, 400m performance, and also contributed to VO2 max improvements. Collectively, these results indicate that a periodized and integrated approach, incorporating all three training modalities, is optimal for enhancing the performance of elite Ethiopian middle- and long-distance runners.