School of Psychology

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/156

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Browsing School of Psychology by Author "Abera, Dame (PhD)"

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    Psychological well-being of Married Couples; in Addis Ketema Sub City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-12) Yimam, Mohammed; Abera, Dame (PhD)
    The major purpose of the present study was to assess the Psychological well-being of Married Couples; Addis Ketema Sub city Addis Ababa. A mixed methods research design was employed. For this purpose, 171 participants were selected through simple random, stratified, and purposive sampling techniques. Psychological wellbeing scales (Ryff, 1989) with demographic questions were used using both quantitative (questionnaire scales) and qualitative (FGD and Interview) methods. In order to address the basic research questions formulated in the study, data were analyzed using through various statistical techniques which include frequency, percentage, mean, independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and post hoc analysis Accordingly. Findings revealed that First; all six psychological dimensions are directly or indirectly a function of one’s financial capability and being cooperative in many of their social affairs. Second, the current study showed that, there was a significant difference concerning couples’ gender and psychological wellbeing. Third, the current study showed that, there was no significant difference between married couple’s age and psychological wellbeing in terms of all six sub levels. Last, psychological wellbeing vary as a function of couples’ educational level, well educated couples tend to endorse good psychological wellbeing often than less educated couples. The study concluded that, psychological wellbeing and all six psychological dimensions are directly or indirectly a function of one’s financial ability. Difference between male and female couples psychological wellbeing was observed. The difference between married couple’s age and psychological wellbeing in terms of all six sub levels was very minimal. Last, psychological wellbeing vary as a function of couples’ educational level. Therefore, Psychologists, social workers, practitioners, health professionals, top government officials, Administrators, researchers and the community at large advised to design and provide comprehensive and effective marriage and psychological wellbeing related planning.
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    The Role of Social Accountability in Promoting Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Kindu, Getachew; Abera, Dame (PhD)
    The major purpose of the present study was to assess the role of social accountability program in promoting social inclusion of vulnerable people in public service delivery at Woreda 4 of Arada sub city.It specifically examinedthe ways and the extent to which social accountability enhances social inclusion of vulnerable groups in public service delivery.In order to address the basic research questions of the study, a descriptive research design was employed. To that effect, the study employed mixed methods in collecting the dataand analysis was made by using both inferential (SPSS version 23.0) and thematic techniques.The selection of samples followed multistage sampling procedure. A total of 95 participants were selected using simple random sampling and stratified random sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. Generally, the current study revealedthat social accountability program made a contribution for social inclusion of vulnerable groups (PWDs, people living with HIV/AIDS, elders, women, children, and youth) in the process of public service delivery. Specifically, the findings showed that social accountability program enhanced the basic facets of social inclusion which are active and meaningful participation and access to basic services mainly at health (health center) and education (primary school) services. Accordingly, the present study found out that the social accountability program was successful in enhancing the capacity of vulnerable people, enhancing effective interaction between vulnerable groups (or service users) and public service providers, and attitude and behavioral changes of vulnerable groups towards service providers. In general, based on the findings of the study it is concluded that there is a direct link between Social Accountability and Social Inclusion. This implies that social inclusion of vulnerable people is promoted through social accountability in such a way that enhancedparticipation and access to serviceof vulnerable groups are ensured in public service delivery. Hence, social accountabilityshould be integrated and implemented along with each development initiatives and should be institutionalized in all sectors of the public service. Key words: Social Accountability, social inclusion, participation, public servic, vulnerable groups
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    Sexual Behavior of Adolescents in Single-sex and co-education Schools: The Case of Some Selected High Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Gebresilassie, Rezene; Abera, Dame (PhD)
    The purpose of the present study was to assess the sexual behavior of adolescents in single - sex and co-education schools particularly those who are attending class in preparatory schools at Addis Ababa. It specifically examines the relationships among sexual behavior, contraceptive use and sex associated risks of adolescents. The study has used a mixed method research design. A total of 320 participants were selected using stratified random sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. More specifically, while the one single sex (boys only) school and informants of FGD and KII were purposively selected, the other three schools were selected through simple random sampling techniques.The respondents of the questionnaire scales were also selected through stratified random sampling. Moreover, both quantitative and qualitative data were generated from using both quantitative (BSAS questionnaire scales) and qualitative (FGD and KII) methods. In order to address the basic research questions, data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, Independent t-test, and ANOVA statistical techniques. Accordingly, the current study generally revealed several important findings about sexual behavior, contraceptive use and sex associated risks, and about their relationships. First, most adolescents become sexually active at around the age 16 and 17. It was also found that the driving forces for initiating sexual intercourse are: peer pressure, falling in love and the need to explore and experiment. Second, most of the adolescents do not use contraceptives when having sexual intercourse. Third, many adolescents are facing sex associated problems such as STDs, unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Fourth, a negative correlation was obtained between sexual behavior scores and sex associated risk factors scores. Fifth, a strong relationship has been found between contraceptive use and school type; Sex Associated Risks and grade level; Sexual Behavior and the age of adolescents. Finally, based on the results of the current study, the following recommendations were forwarded:provision of SRH training and contraceptives like condoms in the school settings; and more researchers should be conducted to see the impact of school types on adolescents’ sexual behavior so as to provide data to policy makers and all stakeholders in the education sector.
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    Sexual Behavior of Adolescents in Single-sex and co-education Schools: The Case of Some Selected High Schools in Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Gebresilassie, Rezene; Abera, Dame (PhD)
    The purpose of the present study was to assess the sexual behavior of adolescents in single - sex and co-education schools particularly those who are attending class in preparatory schools at Addis Ababa. It specifically examines the relationships among sexual behavior, contraceptive use and sex associated risks of adolescents. The study has used a mixed method research design. A total of 320 participants were selected using stratified random sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. More specifically, while the one single sex (boys only) school and informants of FGD and KII were purposively selected, the other three schools were selected through simple random sampling techniques.The respondents of the questionnaire scales were also selected through stratified random sampling. Moreover, both quantitative and qualitative data were generated from using both quantitative (BSAS questionnaire scales) and qualitative (FGD and KII) methods. In order to address the basic research questions, data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, Independent t-test, and ANOVA statistical techniques. Accordingly, the current study generally revealed several important findings about sexual behavior, contraceptive use and sex associated risks, and about their relationships. First, most adolescents become sexually active at around the age 16 and 17. It was also found that the driving forces for initiating sexual intercourse are: peer pressure, falling in love and the need to explore and experiment. Second, most of the adolescents do not use contraceptives when having sexual intercourse. Third, many adolescents are facing sex associated problems such as STDs, unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Fourth, a negative correlation was obtained between sexual behavior scores and sex associated risk factors scores. Fifth, a strong relationship has been found between contraceptive use and school type; Sex Associated Risks and grade level; Sexual Behavior and the age of adolescents. Finally, based on the results of the current study, the following recommendations were forwarded:provision of SRH training and contraceptives like condoms in the school settings; and more researchers should be conducted to see the impact of school types on adolescents’ sexual behavior so as to provide data to policy makers and all stakeholders in the education sector.
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    Social Media Usage, Sexual Behavior and Risk Perception Among Adolescents’ of Some Private High Schools in Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Reshid, Mohammed; Abera, Dame (PhD)
    The major purpose of this study was to assess the relationships among adolescents’ Social media usage, sexual behavior and risk perception. A descriptive survey was employed as a study design. Questionnaire was used to gather data from a random sample of 300 (150 male and 150 female) students of grade 9 th through 12 th in the selected five private high schools of Bole sub- city. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and correlations were used to analyze quantitative data. Descriptive statistics revealed that entertainment, communication with people far away and making companionship (34.3%, 20% & 16%) were the major reasons to school adolescents’ social media usage respectively. Weak positive correlation was found between social media usage and sexual behavior [r (298) = .222, P < .05]. However, sexual behavior was moderately correlated with the frequency use of social media sites used [r (298) = .694, P= <0.05]. Descriptive statistics found that the majority (61.3%) of the respondents had high risk perception while 30.7% of the respondents had low risk perception to social media usage. When looking in to the conclusion, adolescents’ sexual behavior in relation to social media usage by default had weak positive correlation. However, their sexual behavior was moderately correlated with the frequency use of social media sites. Hence, among the practical recommendations forwarded, School administrators and teachers should plan and advise school students to use social media sites for educational issues than entertainment, or for companionship. Also, school students should be aware that using social media sites frequently boost to enter sexual behavior
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    Validity of Grade 10 Mathematics Model Exam: In Some Selected Secondary Schools in Oromia Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-04) Regassa, Fikremariam; Abera, Dame (PhD)
    The main purpose of this study was to assess the validity of Grade 10 Math Model Exams by considering some selected secondary schools in Oromia Regional State. Thus, evidences on the content validity and criterion related validity of these exams were gathered and analyzed. In the study, mixed-methods research design was employed. The necessary data were collected from the selected secondary schools by using interview, questionnaire, check-list and document analysis. Questionnaire was administered to 31 teachers currently teach Grade 10 mathematics. Moreover, booklets of Grade 10 Math Model Exams were gathered from the schools and evaluated for appropriateness, relevance and representativeness of the items that were sampled by these exams. By using systematic sampling scores of 230 students on Grade 10 and 12 Math Model Exams, EGSECE and EUEE were also collected and analyzed. The criterion related validity evidences of Grade 10 Math Model Exams were analyzed through correlation and multiple regression analysis accordingly. The findings indicated that the Grade 10 Math Model Exams had moderate criterion related validity but suffered from weak content validity. The main reason for this weakness is that the purpose of the exam was not clearly documented and hence, this situation leads to unsystematic preparation of the exams which results in unintended practices in the education system. Therefore, the study pointed out some directions for possible solutions and suggested for further research in the field.