African Studies

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Browsing African Studies by Author "Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)"

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    Assessment of the Abuse of Ethiopian Women Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Hunde, Sintayehu; Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)
    Women migrant workers claim a significant component of the labor force in the Arab labor market. Over the past few years, the Plight of migrant workers has been reported in the Gulf due to the persistent exploitation and abuse of their rights. The purpose of this study is to highlight the sources of the predicaments Ethiopian Women migrant workers are facing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These problems include; forced long working hours of up to 20 hours a day; seven days a week, unpaid wages and salaries, physical violence, rape, crime and other forms of exploitation. The international division of labor proposes that the reproduction activities have been progressively commodity in the context of the global market economy. As such our study uses in depth interviews and questionnaires to investigate and enumerate the root causes that contributing the abuse of Ethiopian women migrant workers in Saudi Arabia. The scope of this thesis is limited to women Saudi returnees who are engaged in small scale enterprises through Addis Ababa Bureau of Labor and Social Affairs those returnee workers who use both illegal and legal means of recruitment process through PEAs. In addition, the approach of this study is narrowed down to focusing on abuse, exploitation, trends and practices of migrant workers in the Gulf Countries, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The themes of the result from interviews and questioner are discussed with relevant theoretical explanations provided in the research study
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    Citizenship Right and Discriminatory Practices in Africa: The Case of Nigeria
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Eba, Tesfaye; Eba, Tesfaye; Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)
    The contemporary Africa seems encircled with multifaceted problems due to colonial legacy. Among these, citizenship rights discriminatory practices are the foremost issue for Africans. Most scholars argue that the prevalence of untamed citizenship law is a common dilemma in some parts of Africa even after independence. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry is to investigate practices of citizenship rights provisions discrimination in Nigeria. Basically the study sought answers to three basic questions: How Nigerian citizenship law has been put in to practice? Why discriminatory practices prevail in acquiring citizenship? And what are the consequences of citizenship discriminatory practices in Nigeria? In order to address these basic questions and objectives of the study, secondary and primary data were widely used. While secondary data was reviewed and organized to be used in the study, primary data was gathered from Nigerian residing in Addis Ababa whom were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques with the hope to get pertinent and rich data. Interview and document analysis/ review were the two basic instruments the researcher employed to gather relevant data. Then, data gathered via interviews and document analysis were organized, structurally coded and interpret in themes.Contrary international conventions; women, children, minority ethnic groups, refugees, and migrants were deprived of the right to acquire citizenship. As a result these social groups have been facing unfair competition, marginalization, unemployment, statelessness and violation of human rights. The study recommends the need to establish effective citizenship law and implementation that can address socio-economic, cultural and political query of the masses so as to ensure equality of human beings before the law in general and political stability in particular
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    Ethnicity and its Impact on Economic Development in Africa: Case Studies from Ethiopia and Nigeria
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Anteneh Chanie, Asnake; Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)
    Trends in Africa show that ethnicity has been manipulated by rulers for political appointment, economic control, social supremacy and cultural domination. Previous studies on the continent, extensively tried to explore ethnicity in terms of its political and cultural implications. Its economic inferences has not been well explored until recently. This study, by employing a qualitative approach, critically investigates the adverse effects of ethnicity on economic development in Ethiopia and Nigeria. It also aims at deriving constructive African lessons on how ethnic diversity can be managed and switched to fast, equitable as well as sustainable economic growth. In general, the research findings show that although federalism (either in ethnic or other forms) has been implemented as a system for state building in Ethiopia and Nigeria, still there are rising laments on political and economic inequality as well as manipulation of federal power by dominant groups. Ethnicity, with having a great space on the politico-economic structure of the nations, has hampered economic development through influencing investment, intensifying brain drain, amplifying corruption, leading unfair competition, eroding trust and exacerbating economic marginalization. Thus despite registering remarkable growth over the past couple of years economies in Ethiopia and Nigeria, while they enrich few sections of political elites and affiliated spectrums, leave masses of ethnic groups to live under poverty and face inequality. This directly shows the nations’ inability to implement genuine federalism for viable economic development. By recognizing the very existence of various ethnic groups and widening space for their prosperity through implementing genuine federalism, the study suggests that, the governments should propagate the grand positive impacts of national identity for state building and harness it accordingly
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    The Migration of Professors from African Universities to the western world: The Case of Addis Ababa University Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Abebe, Tesfaye; Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)
    The aim of this study is to understand the major reasons of migration of academic intellectuals from Addis Ababa University to the developed world and to compare and contrast the brain drain from Imperial regime up to FDRE (1974-1993). The study will be used to find out the problem by analyzing the migration of academic intellectuals and to suggest alternative solutions. The study method was employed mixed method and is supplemented by available documents. Both narrative and survey research designs are used. The researcher divided the sampling frame into commonly selected strata (groups) of five Colleges and two Institutes arranged by strata. In the selecting process respondents were selected from each colleges and research institutes using stratified random sampling techniques. The data were gathered from AAU academic intellectuals, analyzed by using percentage, average (mean), descriptive words and the documents were incorporated to substitute the qualitative information. The data analysis and findings of this research showed that migration of academic intellectuals from AAU to the developed world is many factors such as: During Hile Selases regime no intellectuals turn over and they have no any economic problem and political persecution. During Derg regime the political persecution, refuges and killing intellectuals were high and the brain drain started on this regime. Also many AAU university intellectuals leave country on political persecutions, conflicts and war they have a big political problem but no economic. During current government since took power government dismissed 42 AAU academic intellectuals in 1993 it was major problem, the economic situation is too difficult, no political persecution and refugees it is too low. Therefore, many the AAU academic intellectuals leave the country on searching sufficient income, for survive and brain drain, brain circulation is too high on economic and technology cases. Finally some recommendations are forwarded: Policy makers to control this issue encourage on adjust housing, salary, creating conductive environment, attracting foreign intellectuals and both are should be knew university is not political and it is an area of academic, avoid conflict, take the responsibility on political issues, social situation and in democratic principles for the realization of better development
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    The role of Faith Based Civil Society Organizations in Peace making in Ethiopia and South Sudan. A comparative perspective
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014) Kassa, Tsegaye; Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)
    Civil Society Organizations play an important role on the international scene, and have been inviting increasing attention from scholars, who are above all interested in their long term impact on good governance. It is imperative to pay attention to the reality of the African scene with its inherent features undermining certain modern Civil Society activities. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the special features of African society and tradition and the willingness to try new and innovative approaches, taking advantage of the best in the old. Most African societies are deeply religious, and religion plays a major role in public life. Scholars are researching innovative new approaches to the interface between spirituality and civil society, and their impact on good governance. This study seeks to investigate this theme through close scrutiny of the situation in Ethiopia and South Sudan. Culturally and historically the areas are quite different, although geographically in close proximity to each other. The main stakeholders are somewhat different in each case; however certain aspects of the interaction between state, FBCSO’s etc. are similar. Most governments show a willingness to involve FBCSO’s and traditional institutions in conflict resolution and particularly in mediation processes, in which they can profit from their high degree of social capital. However, when it comes to lobbying for the implementation of long term holistic peace paradigm (as described by Prof. Hezkias Assefa) including redress of social grievances, more transparent and answerable government etc. they are hesitant, because they do not want their own personal interests to be touched. As a result FBCSO’s and indigenous institutions gain some success in brokering mediation efforts, however they are less successful in introducing long term sustainable peace paradigms, or breaking through recurring cycles of violence. Moreover, governments introduce legislation curtailing the activities of CSO’s and bring them under closer scrutiny by the authorities
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    The Role of Indigenous Knowledge systems and Institutions in conflict Resolution among pastoralists of Kenya-Uganda border area
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-10) Teshale, Tesfamichael; Abebe, Dechasa(PhD)
    This thesis discusses the role of indigenous knowledge systems and institutions in conflict resolution among the pastoralists of Kenya-Uganda border area and the central goal of this study is to show the role of indigenous knowledge and institutions in conflict resolution on the study area. Methodologically, since the research deals with the cultural aspects of the society under study, the researcher used qualitative research method and assessed data from different secondary literatures, documents, reports and interview. Triangulations were employed to make objective analysis, come up with sound findings and draw valid conclusions. In the course of discussion, geographical, ethnographic, historical background, the causes of conflict and indigenous conflict resolution mechanism is discussed in detail. The researcher identified indigenous knowledge system and institutions used in conflict resolution has been playing preponderant role however, different concerned bodies which are activated on Kenya-Uganda cross border pastoral areas more emphasized on the Western Approaches of conflict resolution rather than to look inward to the societies indigenous mechanisms which are tested and that were used for many years. Besides, conflict in pastoral study areas has long been linked to the need to gain control of scarce and strategic resources, particularly water and pasture. As a result, a different mechanism has been implemented to resolve conflict. However, there is still conflict in cross border pastoral Areas of the Horn of Africa region in general and on the study area in particular. Furthermore, conflict on the study area is exacerbated by commercialized cattle raiding and the emergence of war lords. This leads the youth to neglect indigenous institutions and engaged in conflict with their neighbouring pastoralists. Therefore, the study suggested possible mechanisms to overcome those problems.