School of Law

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Browsing School of Law by Author "Abdi Jibril"

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    Freedom of Political Association in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020) Bersabeh Solomon; Abdi Jibril
    Freedom of association is guaranteed in the FDRE Constitution as well as international human right treaties ratified by Ethiopia. Ethiopia has recently adopted Ethiopian Electoral, Political Parties Registration, and Election's Code of Conduct Proclamation Number 1162/2019 which helps ensure political association. The Freedom of Political study is aimed at assessing the Electoral Proclamation in regard to ensuring political association of parties. The analysis revealed that the time set for registration is as per the standard but is not prompt in practice which is against the right to form a political party. The requirement set for minimum member in registration is not extensive considering the population of Ethiopia. For cancelation of political parties there are some reasons that have not been clearly listed which is restrictive as well. But funding is set as per the acceptable standard. Therefore, the conclusion reached is that the Electoral Proclamation has some restrictions on political association.
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    The Human Right to Water in Ethiopia: The Case of Badusa Betela Community
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-07) Misrak Tekle; Abdi Jibril
    This study examines the Human Right to Water (HRW) in Badusa Betela community. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach to examine the level of realization of HRW, the corresponding state duties, challenges and prospects of the HRW and the impact of the HRW on some selected socio-economic and civil rights. Both primary and secondary data which are collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, key informant interview, household survey, document review, case study and direct field observations were utilized. The study reveals that the core minimum requirements of the three normative contents of the HRW (i.e availability, accessibility and quality) which the state parties are required to achieve immediately are below the standard in the study area. This is because the measures taken by the government in collaboration with civil society have not been successful. The study also reveals that the state as well as non-state actors is involved in the realization of the HRW in the community but the measures taken have not been successful. As a result the HRW for this community become a dream. Lack of water has negative impact on the right to food, work, education, freedom of religion and rights of women and children. There are also measures that are undertaken and planed to be implemented for the realization of HRW. Challenges for the realization out weight its prospects. Therefore, the state should cooperate with civil society and implement a sustainable project on water services and facilities to achieve the core minimum obligation as soon as possible. It should enhance the level of HRW in this community by reducing the challenges and increasing the prospects. The study also reveals that Water, Mineral and Energy Bureau at Woreda level has budget and skilled human power deficiency. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should reconsider budget allocation and supply of technical support to ensure sustainable water supply and facilities for the community. This will result in multi-dimensional improvement in human rights of individuals in the community. Key Words: Human Right to Water, Core Minimum obligation, availability, accessibility, quality and Bedusa Betela Community.
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    Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-08-01) Rajan Bedada; Abdi Jibril
    Artificial Intelligence is a new paradigm of technological system that is impacting human rights in many respects. Despite its new opportunities in assisting the protection of human rights, it also challenges human rights which potentially range from compromising human dignity to rendering individuals jobless to depriving their freedom of speech. It disrupts the mainstream view conceived of human rights that human rights is exclusively owned by natural born human beings. It may also shift the nature of responsibility that is usually centered on human beings and targeted against states than to corporates or other entities. As a result it necessitates the reconsideration of human rights so as to ensure individuals‟ rights in order to make it withstand the inundation of AI. The need to revisit human rights is not limited to international level, but also induces us to observe the place of national legislations in regulating AI activities. Framing human rights as the commendable framework for Artificial Intelligence regulation, the thesis addresses Ethiopian AI governance landscapes within the prism of human rights law. To do so, the paper discusses Ethiopian policies, strategy and legislatives that have incorporated the works of digital and emerging technology tools in one way or another. Having done that, the paper underpins the existence of huge gaps on frameworks incorporating human rights with regard to AI regulation. The paper also scrutinizes the potential impacts of specific human rights as a result of employing AI. The central objective of this paper therefore is to posit the place of Ethiopian laws regarding the protection of human rights from undue and malicious outcomes of AI driven activities. To that end, the researcher has consulted two Institutes principally working on AI in Ethiopia which are Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute (EAII) and Ethiopian Bio and Emerging Technology Institute (BETin). While the efforts done so far by these institutes are appreciable, the responses acquired from them attest the low level of Ethiopian governance frameworks on AI. The finding of the study is that Ethiopia is yet to adopt comprehensive and robust frameworks on the regulation of AI. The interplay of various factors hindered the timely formulation of these laws which specifically address the impact of emerging technologies on human rights. The typical factors such as capacity constraints, lack of collaboration with other sectors, the prioritization of innovation over regulation, the overlapping of mandates and the patience to run after global paces have considerably retarded the Institutes to proactively adopt AI regulations. On the other hand, while Ethiopian AI governance system is almost nonexistent, AI violation of human rights is already started to manifest in Ethiopia. Therefore, Ethiopia needs to adopt new legislations and revise its existing laws embracing international and other jurisdictions‟ experiences on the regulation of AII
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    Protection of the Right to Health: An Assessment of Tobacco Control in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-05) Eshetu Endayilalu; Abdi Jibril
    The right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health had been recognized under several international regional and national legal instruments. General comment no. 14 adopted by CESCR had clarified its normative contents. Despite the recognition of the right under several binding instruments, tobacco has become a serious threat to public health which is inextricably linked with the individual right to health. Alike global concerted efforts to tobacco control, Ethiopia has taken legal, policy and, institutional measures to curb the problem. With respect to the practice, the study found that the implementation of tobacco control laws in Ethiopia is ineffective mainly due to interference of the tobacco industry, resource scarcity, the existence of illicit tobacco trade, and shortage of experts among others. Ethiopia’s reporting to treaty bodies and UPR reviews on tobacco control remains limited. The study, finally, provided recommendations on the mechanisms of rectifying the existing tobacco control challenges.
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    Reparation for Victims of Terrorism in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Badasa Fekadu; Abdi Jibril
    The human rights of victims of terrorism must be central to all efforts to prevent and combat terrorism. Under international law, states are obligated to prevent terrorism, conduct thorough investigations, prosecute offenders, and provide victims with necessary support and safeguards to uphold their reparation rights. Despite this, these victims have historically been overlooked, and no binding international legal instrument specifically addresses their needs. This legal gap leaves victims’ right to reparation in a precarious state, as they often face heightened distress due to the magnitude of terrorist acts, which cause widespread victimization and make seeking remedies for their immense suffering particularly challenging. Victims of terrorism in Ethiopia also face inadequate recognition and a flawed legal system that fails to ensure proper reparation. Existing provisions in the Civil and Criminal Codes are not designed to address human rights violations and fall short of international standards. Additionally, Ethiopia lacks an operationalized fund or victim-oriented reparation initiative to meet the urgent needs of terrorism victims. Thus, this paper examines reparation for these victims, analyzing international frameworks and evolving norms that define state obligations in their treatment and support. It employs a victim-centered approach, guided by the UN Basic Principles on the Right to Reparation for Victims, to assess national laws, implementation mechanisms, and the legal and practical challenges of ensuring effective remedies