Sociology
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Browsing Sociology by Author "Berhanu, Abeje (PhD)"
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Item Assessment of Agricultural Growth Program: the case of farming households in Gedeo Zone, Gedeb wereda, SNNPR(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Gezahegn, Melkamu; Berhanu, Abeje (PhD)The Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) is one of the development programs which are funded by the World Bank with the aim of improving production and productivity of small holder farming households with special emphasis for women and youth. It is, therefore, timely to investigate the services provided by the AGP in Gedeb wereda, Gedeo zone,SNNPR. The aim of the study was to explore the types of services provided by AGP, to investigate the variations among farming households in accessing the services provided by the program and to investigate the challenges faced by the farmers in their efforts to make use of the services provided by the program.The study employed a mixed method.Survey was used to gather data from 149 randomly selected heads of farming households in the study area. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 6purposively selected farming households and key informant interviews were conducted with purposively selected kebele agricultural extension workers and AGP focal person in the study area. The study shows that there are variations in the level of access to AGP services by farmers in accordance with their socio-demographic and economic characteristics. As a result, the younger the age of respondents, the more they access the services from the program and vice versa. In addition, level of education had statistically significant effect on the tendency of farmers to access the services from the program; the higher the educational level of respondents, the more they access the services from the program. Farm land size also found to be significantly correlated with access to AGP services; the larger the farmland size, the more farming households access the services from the program.In addition to the above mentioned socio-demographic factors attitude of farmers found to be significantly correlated with the level of access to the services;the higher the level of access to the services provided by the program, the higher attitudinal score by the farmer. Different from the other variables, gender difference among farming households was found to be insignificant to the level of access to AGP services. The majority of respondents also raised different factors as a challenge that constrained them not to properly access the services from the programItem incentives and challenges for local institutions in coffee forest management:The Case of Bilo-Nophaworeda, Illu Abba Bora zone(2016-10) Dibaba, Bekalu; Berhanu, Abeje (PhD)The role of institutions in the management of natural resource in general and forest resource in particular is increasing from time to time as the forest bio-diversities are threatened by different anthropogenic factors. It is, therefore timely to investigate the role that institutions play in the management of natural resources. The main objective of this study was to assess the role of local institutions in coffee forest management taking the case of Bilo-Nophawereda, Illu Abba Bora zone . By using institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework adopted from Ostrom, (2006), this study tried to illustrate how attribute of the rule in use, attribute of the community and attribute of forest resources are affect the management of coffee forest in the study area. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research method in the form of triangulation. Out of 16 kebeles in the study area the researcher purposively selected 3 adjacent kebelesto thecoffee forest areas. For quantitative interview 125 household were selected from three kebelesby using systematic random sampling technique. On the other hand in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and FGDs were conducted to support and substantiate data obtained through household survey. The findings of the study revealed that, both formal and informal institutions are participating in coffee forest management at local levels. Rulesestablishedby the government to protect the coffee forest area reduce the benefit of local community and make their ownership right insecure, this in turn, negatively affects their participationin coffee forest management activities.Attribute of the community and forest resource also influence the management activities either positively or negatively. Some of them operate as incentive that enhances the management activitiesincluding, cohesiveness, homogeneity and topography, and forest derived goods and services while othersoperate as disincentive for management activities including, group size, distance and lack of clear boundaries. Along with the challenges of coffee forest management, the lack of sense of ownership, illegal encroachment and lack of coordination between different stakeholders are the major critical problems to conserve coffee forest in the study areaItem Rural Livelihood Strategies and Household Food Security: The Case of Farmers Around Derba Cement Factory, Sululta Woreda, Oromia Regional State(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Tesema, Dereje; Berhanu, Abeje (PhD)This study examined the livelihood strategies and food security situation in Sululta woreda by taking a randomly selected sample of 215 households from three rural kebeles. Mixed research approach was employed and triangulation was vital method of converging concurrently collected data through survey, interviews and FGDs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe livelihood strategies while multinomial logistic regression was deployed to explain the determinants of livelihood strategies and the linkage between livelihood strategies and household food security. Mixed farming is typical of agricultural livelihood of the study households. Though majority of the households were confined to agricultural livelihood, the widespread of non-farm activities was observed. More than half of sample households undertake non-farm livelihood activities either as a supplementary or as a main means of living. The distribution of livelihood strategies was not even across the three agro-ecological conditions selected. Highland kebeles were more likely to intensify agriculture than the lowland which operate more non-farm livelihood and depend on forest products. The result of multinomial regression showed that land holding, livestock, educational attainment, markets access, gender, and household composition determine the choice of livelihood strategies. It also revealed the pushing reasons of diversification among households. The effect of climatic vagaries on farmers’ livelihood was complemented by cement investment that encroached on resources of rural people. The majority of households reported their experience of chronic food access insecurity. Relatively, those respondents who engaged in agricultural and nonfarm activities were more food secure than those confined to agriculture or non-farm. Sample households with multiple livelihood strategies had diverse food entitlements to support their sustainable consumption. This calls for inclusive policies and strategies that advocate rural non-farm activities which supplement agriculture in pursuit of ensuring household food security in rural areasItem Rural Non-farm livelihood diversification among farming households in Saharti Samre Woreda, Southeastern Tigray(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Tsegay, Brhanu; Berhanu, Abeje (PhD)Non-farm livelihood diversification is a multi-dimensional concept which encompasses engagement on various activities other than agriculture. This research is aimed at assessing rural non-farm livelihood diversification among farming households in Saharti Samre Woreda, South Eastern Tigray in general. Exploring the determinants of non-farm livelihood diversification across two agro-ecologically distinct rural settings (weynadega and qola), types, gender dimensions and outcomes of rural non-farm livelihood diversification, constraints of nonfarm livelihood diversification and the role of government on non-farm livelihood diversification in particular are the detailed objectives of this study. Cross-sectional survey was used as a survey design due to the nature of the study. Purposive sampling for sampled Tabias and simple random sampling for sampled farming households were used. Household survey, in-depth and key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used as data collection methods so as to generate firsthand information. Although farming households predominantly pursue agriculture as their major livelihood strategy, they also pursue non-farm livelihood activities due to various reasons. Factors regarded as push rather than pull play significant role in influencing households to diversify their livelihoods to the non-farm sector. Household size and farm land holding size was among the determinants of diversification. Seasonality of agriculture was also found significant determinant of non-farm livelihood diversification. Besides, the increasing price of agricultural inputs was also found as a driving force for diversification. Income earned from non-farm livelihood activities help households to reduce different vulnerability contexts, improve use of agricultural inputs, and asset building. Wage labour, sale of cooked food and local drinks, handicrafts, trade and quarrying and traditional mining are nonfarm livelihoods that farming households mostly engaged in the study area. The role of government on the development of rural- non-farm livelihoods is very weakItem Socio-Cultural Aspects of Illegal Migration in Raya Azebo Woreda, Tigray National Regional State(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Hadis, Chekole; Berhanu, Abeje (PhD)Illegal migration to Saudi has become usual phenomenon for most communities in Ethiopia. Many studies have attempted to explain the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. However, most of these studies tended to explain illegal migration from economic aspects: unemployment rates, wage differential, family economic crisis, etc as the main causes of illegal migration. Yet, illegal migration cannot just be explained by economic factors. Taking this in mind, this study endeavored to investigate the socio-cultural aspects of illegal migration. Specifically, it attempted to role of socio-cultural aspects in explaining illegal migration in all its stages. Indeed, by conducting a migrant survey with 128 potential migrants and 122 migrant returnees, by making in-depth interviews with 15 migrant returnees, by approaching 16 key informants, by conducting nine focus group discussions and by making field observation, this study found the role of socio-cultural aspects eminent. According to the findings of this study socio-cultural factors such as community attitude towards illegal migration, pressure from others, the presence of social capital both at home and abroad, cultural proximity, and soon create migratory intentions and induce migratory decisions. Besides, the presence of social capital coupled with the proximity of language and religion determine journey and destination experiences of migrants. The journey and destination experiences of migrants are also affected by the route followed (whether Djibouti or Somali route) and the associated risk, and the kind of jobs migrants engage in their destination (between inside home (housemaid), outside home (shop keeping, working in factories), drug dealing, and desert (livestock keeping). the study divulged the socio-cultural consequences of illegal migration al individual, household and community levels as well. Finally, this thesis calls for further investigation of the socio-cultural aspects (e.g. the emerging roles of social media), and for consideration of socio-cultural aspects in any policy intervention by government and non-government organizations to tackle the problem