Hematological profiles of newborns from mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is the commonest etiology for maternal and
neonatal morbidity and mortality. Neonates born from hypertensive mothers are more prone to
complications because of reduced oxygen supply and inadequate blood flow to the fetus. These
complications include intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia
and hematological derangements like polycythemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profiles of newborns from
mothers with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia from January –March 2023.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on newborns from mothers with
and without pregnancy induced hypertension. A convenient sampling technique was used to
recruit 210 newborns including 70 cases and 140 controls. Cord blood sample was collected
immediately after birth and the samples were analyzed using Sysmex XN 550 hematology
analyzer. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Mann-Whitney U test were
done to compare hematological profiles of the two groups. Besides, Kruskal-Wallis test were
used to compare the hematological profiles of newborns from mothers with different types of
hypertensive disorders. The Spearman‟s rank correlation was used for the correlation test. P-
value ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in RBC (P=0.001), HGB (P= 0.005), HCT
(P<0.001), MCV (P <0.001), MCH (P=0.022), lymphocyte (P=0.044) and RDW SD (P<0.001)
of cases than controls. Platelet and MCHC of newborns were significantly lower in cases than
control group. Newborn RBC count and MCV were positively correlated with birth weight;
platelet count was positively correlated with gestational age and negatively correlated with
maternal DBP; MCH was negatively correlated with gestational week. Moreover, maternal and
newborn monocyte count showed significant positive correlation whereas RBC count showed
negative correlation in the case group.
Conclusion: There were significant changes in the hematological profile of newborns between
hypertensive and normotensive mothers. Therefore, hematological screening of newborns of
hypertensive mothers is suggested for early detection and monitoring of hematological
abnormalities.
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Keywords
Hematological profile, hypertensive disorder, newborns, Gandhi, Ethiopia