STUDY ON EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN JIMMA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA
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Date
2017-06
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Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted on 468 Cattle, selected using systematic random
sampling technique, in Jimma abattoir, South west Ethiopia from December 2016 to May
2016 to investigate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), identifying the risk
factors as well as identify its causative agent and to assesses public health awareness
towards BTB. The methods used were postmortem examination, bacteriological
culturing, molecular characterization using region of difference (RD4) deletion typing
and questionnaire survey. The overall prevalence of BTB was 7.5 % (95% CI: 5.08-9.87)
on the basis of detailed postmortem examination. Multivariable logistic regression
analysis identified age; body condition, and breed to be statistically significant in
explaining BTB prevalence. The older cattle were forty five one times (OR=45.13;
95%CI; 10.20-199.52) more likely to have TB-like lesion than the younger ones. Poor
body conditioned cattle nineteen times (OR = 19.24; 95% CI; 3.86-95.72) more likely to
have tuberculous lesion than the cattle with good body condition. The cross breeds were
twelve times (OR =12.36; 95%CI; 3.15-48.39) more likely to developed TB lesions as
compared to local breeds. The tuberculous lesions were found most frequently distributed
in thoracic cavity lymph nodes (60%), which suggest respiratory route as the most likely
mode of infection in the study area. From 35 tissue samples cultured, 12 (38.28%) were
culture positive and 4 of them were positive on acid fast staining. However, using RD4
deletion typing only one isolate obtained from right bronchial lymph node was confirmed
to be M. bovis. Analysis of the awareness of cattle owner, attendants and abattoir worker
toward BTB was found to be low (27.5%) and the result also revealed the presence of
unsafe practices like, co-residing in the same house with animals, consumption of raw
animal products which indicates the potential risk for zoonotic transmission of BTB. In
conclusion, the present study confirmed moderately low prevalence of BTB, in the study
area and existence of potential risk factors for zoonotic transmission for the community
warrants the need to design and implement feasible control strategies in the study area.
Description
MSc Thesis
Keywords
Awareness, Bovine tuberculosis, Molecular characterization