STUDY ON EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN JIMMA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA

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Date

2017-06

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Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted on 468 Cattle, selected using systematic random sampling technique, in Jimma abattoir, South west Ethiopia from December 2016 to May 2016 to investigate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), identifying the risk factors as well as identify its causative agent and to assesses public health awareness towards BTB. The methods used were postmortem examination, bacteriological culturing, molecular characterization using region of difference (RD4) deletion typing and questionnaire survey. The overall prevalence of BTB was 7.5 % (95% CI: 5.08-9.87) on the basis of detailed postmortem examination. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age; body condition, and breed to be statistically significant in explaining BTB prevalence. The older cattle were forty five one times (OR=45.13; 95%CI; 10.20-199.52) more likely to have TB-like lesion than the younger ones. Poor body conditioned cattle nineteen times (OR = 19.24; 95% CI; 3.86-95.72) more likely to have tuberculous lesion than the cattle with good body condition. The cross breeds were twelve times (OR =12.36; 95%CI; 3.15-48.39) more likely to developed TB lesions as compared to local breeds. The tuberculous lesions were found most frequently distributed in thoracic cavity lymph nodes (60%), which suggest respiratory route as the most likely mode of infection in the study area. From 35 tissue samples cultured, 12 (38.28%) were culture positive and 4 of them were positive on acid fast staining. However, using RD4 deletion typing only one isolate obtained from right bronchial lymph node was confirmed to be M. bovis. Analysis of the awareness of cattle owner, attendants and abattoir worker toward BTB was found to be low (27.5%) and the result also revealed the presence of unsafe practices like, co-residing in the same house with animals, consumption of raw animal products which indicates the potential risk for zoonotic transmission of BTB. In conclusion, the present study confirmed moderately low prevalence of BTB, in the study area and existence of potential risk factors for zoonotic transmission for the community warrants the need to design and implement feasible control strategies in the study area.

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MSc Thesis

Keywords

Awareness, Bovine tuberculosis, Molecular characterization

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