Study of prevalence of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients in Addis Ababa public hospitals
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Date
2011-05
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Introduction: - The end result of HIV/ AIDS infection is the depletion of the immune system
leading to a spectrum of various HIV/ AIDS associated opportunistic infections. Tuberculosis
chronic and acute diarrhea of protozoal and bacterial infections, central nervous system
infections with toxoplasma Gondi is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV/ AIDS
infected patents.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of opportunistic infection among HIV/AIDS patients and
to identify socio-demographic factors for the development of severe forms namely central
nervous system toxoplasmosis, pneumocysitc carrini pneumonia in the antiretro viral therapy
clinics of public hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Methods: A cross sectional study design on clinical records of HIV/AIDS patients in ART
clinics. Systematic random sampling method was used to obtain the required sample. The total
sample size was 566
Result: Oral candidacies 326(58. 0 %), Tuberculosis of all forms 260 (45.9%) and herpes zoster
198 (35%) had the highest prevalence. Therefore the prevalence of sever forms of the
opportunistic infections made up 17.7% of the total sample. Using binary logistic regression
model, WHO stage IV had an independent association with the distribution of the sever forms of
the opportunistic infections. The odds of having the sever forms of the opportunistic infections
was 40 times higher in the respondents who were in stage IV condition than stage III or II
combined. The distribution of the sever form of opportunistic infections in St. Peter’s hospital
was lower by 85% as compared to the referent hospital. There was no difference in the
distribution of the sever forms of the opportunistic infections in the other 7 hospitals. There was
also no difference in the distribution of the sever forms of the opportunistic infections among the
socio demographic group of the age, sex, marital status and education.
Conclusion: Oral candidacies, TB of all forms and herpes zoster were the predominant OIS.
Only WHO stage IV condition and patients from St. Peters hospital were associated with the
distribution of sever forms of the OIs.
Recommendation: Skilled professionals for the management of the OIs and the implementation
of the TB and HIV collaborative activities are of critical importance.
VIII
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Study of prevalence of opportunistic infections