Assessments of Urban water Supply and Loss Managements, the case of Adama Town
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Date
2015-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The aims of this research is to assess the situation of the urban water supply and demand, total water loss in distribution system and build a model to provide possible scenario in order to meet water supply with demand by reducing pressure effect in the system to minimize water loss in the town. Whereas, the significance of the study is to make responsible body to be aware in order to satisfying the water demand in Adama town water supply scheme.
Water production and consumption, the pressure zones or topography and customers‟ meter reading (water billed) approaches was used to evaluate the water loss. The distribution of water connection per family, per capital consumption and the level of mode of services have been used in assessment of water supply coverage in study area. In process of evaluating, model building and analysis; tools such as Microsoft excel, Auto CAD and Water CAD v6.5 was used.
The existing water supplying situation; the distribution of mode of service in the town house connection, yard connection and public taps were 5%, 60% and 35% respectively. Also average per capital consumption is 34.5L/c/d, whereas the average of water connection per family was 0.527 (52.7%) connection/family. On the other hand, water loss is analyzed in sampled kebeles and town levels, by using different methods like, percentage of loss and loss per number of connections. So at town level, currently in average, 34.05% of produced water is lost from the system due to many reason, effect of pressure, aged pipe, lack of good maintenance etc. In the modeling, the system has been modified using the design criteria of velocity and pressure. Areas with high pressures in the existing system have been identified and solution was established using pressure-reducing valves, which used to reduce effect of pressure and minimize water loss.
In Adama town, due to different reason; water supply is not satisfying the demand of the town, currently, Adama Town Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprise produce treated water only 233L/s whereas the water demand is 364L/s, from this result, a gap between supply- demand is 131L/s. The impact of leakage in distribution system is high; to minimize the breakage of pipe lines and physical loss, the old aged water pipe lines should be replaced in order to improve the adequacy of urban water supply of the town.
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Keywords
Water Supply, water consumption, demand, losses, distribution modeling