Predicting intention to healthy diet adherence among type two diabetic patients using theory of planned behavior in Tikur Anbesa hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2020-12
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the rapidly increasing non communicable diseases and
an important public health problem all over the world. Ethiopia is among the top four countries
with the highest adult diabetic populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Healthy eating practice is poor
among Ethiopian diabetes patients which affecting patients progress in controlling
complications.Theory of planned behavior is one of most popular theories used in health
education and promotion. TPB effectively predict and explain intention towards healthy diet
among diabetic and non- diabetics.
Objective: To predict Intention towards healthy diet adherence among type 2 diabetes patients in
Tikur Anbesa Hospital diabetic clinic using theory of planned behavior, 2019.
Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among diabetic patient from
follow up clinic in Tikur Anbesa Specialize Hospital. Study participant was selected using
systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using standard TPB questioner after
elicitation study conducted to explore beliefs associated with healthy eating. Multiple linear
regressions and correlation analysis were done between TPB constructs.
Result:The total study participants were 385(91%). Median age of the respondent was 55 with
(± 10.6 SD). Among The study participant 223 (58%) were female, 150(39%)were employed,
270 (70%) lived in Addis Ababa. The constructs of TPB explain 38.7% variance in intention for
dietary adherence. The strongest predictor of intention towards dietary adherence were Attitude
(β = 0.289, P <0.001, CI=0.190, 0.360), perceived behavioral control (β= 0.285, P <
0.001,CI=0.110,0.222) and subjective norm (β= 0.172, P<0.001, CI=0.078,0.230).
Conclusion: This study revealed that theory of planned behavior is useful to explain and predict
intention towards dietary adherence among diabetic patients. Attitude and perceived behavioral
control towards healthy diet was strongest predictor of intention for dietary adherence. Hence health education and promotion program should focus on bringing a positive attitude and
increase self-efficacy toward healthy eating among diabetes patients.
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Keywords
Healthy diet ,diabetic patients