PARTICIPATORY APPRAISAL AND SEROPREVALENCE STUDY OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BORANA PASTORAL SYSTEM, SOUTH ETHIOPIA
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Date
2006-06
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Abstract
Participatory appraisal and conventional veterinary investigation methods were applied to
validate Borana pastoralists’ knowledge on cattle disease and to investigate the epidemiology of
Foot and Mouth disease (FMD), respectively in Borana pastoral production system of Southern
Ethiopia. Furthermore, determination of seroprevalence of FMD and assessment of associated
risk factors (including serotyping of the circulating FMD virus) were conducted. The
participatory methods used were clinical observation, matrix scoring, proportional piling, and
seasonal calendars. Seroepidemiological investigations were performed using 3ABC ELISA and
liquid phase blocking ELISA techniques.
The analysis of matrix scoring showed good level of agreement (W= 0.569-0.956) among the 12
informant groups for the disease indicators. Borana Pastoralists descriptions of cattle diseases
much overlap with modern veterinary descriptions. The result of proportional piling indicated
that about 41% of cattle population suffered from various diseases and 8.8% died in the past one
year (FMD recorded the highest incidence of 16.1% and mortality of 1.1%). Calves recorded the
highest mean incidence of clinical FMD (Hoyale; 18.5%), While lowest in chronic FMD
(Gandille; 0.2%). Clinical FMD caused the highest mortality (2.8%) in calves compared to adults
(0.3%). According to the seasonal calendar, the highest incidence of acute FMD (Hooyale) was
recorded during the long dry season (Bonna) compared to cold dry season (Hagayya).
The overall seroprevalence of FMD was 21% (n = 920), herd infection rate, on the other hand,
was 59% (n = 116). Significantly higher herd seroprevalence was recorded in Yabello district
(61%), followed by Dirre (59%) and Moyale (52) districts. Similarly, Yabello district recorded
the highest FMD seroprevalence (26.1%) on animal basis. From the various risk factors analyzed,
Peasant Associations (PAs), herd size, sex and age were seen to be significantly associated
(P<0.05) with the seroprevalence. Liquid phase blocking ELISA test revealed that ‘O’ type FMD
virus is the major serotype (99.2%) circulating in the area, followed by ‘A’ (95.8%), ‘SAT 2 ‘
(80%), and ‘C’ (67.5%).
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The results of 3 ABC ELISA and Pastoralists’ empirical knowledge of FMD showed a moderate
agreement (kappa=0.45), indicating that FMD is an important cattle disease in Borana pastoral
production system to warrant the institution of appropriate control strategy.
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FMD