Urban Dairy Production Practices and Analysis of Feed and Milk Quality and Safety Across Varied Value Chains Actors in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Prof. Berhan Tamir | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. Ulfina Galmesa | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr.Kefana Effa | |
| dc.contributor.author | Jalel Fikadu | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-17T13:30:26Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-12-17T13:30:26Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The study was conducted in Burayu, Sululta and Sebata twons of Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia, to assess urban dairy production practices and analysis of feed and milk quality and safety across varied value chains actors. A total of 90 urban dairy producers, 30 from each town who at least own 10 dairy cows were randomly selected. The farmers were interviewed individually using the survey questionnaire and for aflatoxinB1 (AFB1) and aflatoxineM1 (AFM1) analysis feed and milk sample were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For physico-chemical and microbial quality analysis of milk, 30 milk samples from each urban, 10 from farm, 10 from milk collectors, and 10 from the cafeteria were used. The General Linear Model (GLM) was used for variance analyses of data. For the survey study, 48% and 52% of the interviewed dairy farm owners were female and male respectively. The major sources of feed were feed that mixed at home (75.6%) and few purchased feed and mixture with home-mixed feed (24.4%). The average age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and days open (DO) were 2.26±.05years 20.8 ± 0.05 months and 161.76±34.80 days respectively. The milk and feed aflatoxin analysis indicate that the occurrence of aflatoxinM1 in all samples of milk was ranged from 0.02ppb to 0.08ppbL. Overall, 64 (71.1%) out of the total of 90 milk samples contained less than or equals to 0.05 ppb of aflatoxin M1. Moreover, 26(28.9%) milk samples contained more than 0.05 ppb. Overall, out of a total of 90 feed samples collected, about 66 (73.3%) contained aflatoxinB1 at a level less than or equal to 20 ppb. Likewise 34 (26.7%) of the feed samples contained AFB1 at a level exceeding 20 ppb. The Linear regression model indicated significant associations between the presence of AFB1 in the feed and the levels of presence of AFM1 in milk. It was learnt from the result that percentage of added water, PH, and Specific gravity in milk were significantly different (P<0.05) between the study town, but the titratable acidity and freezing point was not significant among the study towns. All the physical parameters of milk quality obtained from farms, milk collectors, and cafeterias were significantly different (p<0.05). The overall mean result of protein, lactose, and fat were significantly different (p<0.05) between towns but the difference in TS, solid not fat and ash percentage were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Except for ash, all the chemical compositions of milk were significantly different (p<0.05) among the value chain actors. The overall mean ± SE values of coliform counts log10cfu/ml of raw milk from Burayu, Sabeta and Sululta towns were, 3.31±0.0.055, 5.85±0.467 and 5.12±0.34 respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) between overall mean coliform count (CC) of Sebata and Sululta towns. However, significant difference was observed between mean coliform count (CC) of Burayu, and others two towns’ milk samples. The coliform result obtained from value chain actors showed, no significant difference (P>0.05) among the milk collectors and cafeteria, however there were significant difference (p<0.05) between milk producer and milk collectors, as well as milk producer and cafeteria. The finding of total bacteria count in study towns showed significant difference (p<0.05) between Burayu and the rest two towns, however there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) among Sebeta and Sululta towns. The result of total bacteria count among milk value chain actors revealed significant difference (P<0.05) of raw milk between farm and other value chain actors but there is no statistical significant difference between milk collectors and cafeteria. Laboratory analysis of yeast and mold was non-significant (P>0.05) between the urban study area, likewise it was non-significant (P>0.05) among the value chain actors. The level of aflatoxin pollution found during this study in milk, and feed ought to prompt action to spot appropriate interventions. The current findings strongly call for hygienic feed production and storage system in order to minimize aflatoxinM1 contents in the milk. Furthermore, physico-chemical property and microbial quality of milk sample obtained from farm fulfill the minimum requirement of Ethiopia milk quality standard. However, when it comes to milk collectors and cafeterias, the physico-chemical content was below the limits of Ethiopian milk quality standard. Furthermore, the average numbers of microbial load were above the limit set by the Ethiopia milk quality standard, certainly indicating that there were milk adulterations along the value chain actors from farm to consumers. The finding of this study provided recent information on milk aflatoxin, physico-chemical and microbial quality from farm to the cafeteria which can be an important input for regulatory bodies of Ethiopia. High price of feeds, shortage of land, unavailability of dairy cow/heifer in time, feed quality, unavailability of feed in nearby area, diseases and lack of access to credit and inadequate training were among the major constraint of dairy production that need urgent intervention to utilize the untapped resources in the study area. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/1056 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Addis Ababa University | |
| dc.subject | Aflatoxin | |
| dc.subject | Feed | |
| dc.subject | Milk | |
| dc.subject | Quality | |
| dc.subject | Safety and Urban Dairy Production | |
| dc.title | Urban Dairy Production Practices and Analysis of Feed and Milk Quality and Safety Across Varied Value Chains Actors in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia | |
| dc.type | Thesis |